25th April 2015

The Private Detective in Germany – Professional Requirements and Legal Powers

Requirements for the Detective Profession

Detective agencies such as Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt are in Germany a trade pursuant to § 14 of the Trade Regulation Act (GewO); unfortunately, a special professional qualification is not required in this country. Only the registration of the trade and the personal suitability are necessary, which is evidenced, among other things, by a certificate of good conduct free of entries, but should also include professional qualifications such as the IHK certificate Fachkraft Detektiv or many years of experience in the service of investigative authorities.

 

Also, continuing professional education is not tied to statutory requirements; it is undertaken voluntarily by each individual detective, which is why the range of expertise in the industry varies widely.

 

The supervision of detective agencies by state institutions follows from § 35 GewO: the trade may be prohibited if facts demonstrate the unreliability of the detective.

Law Book on Table with Mobile Phone; Frankfurt Detective Agency, Detective Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt, Detective Office Frankfurt

Legal Powers of Detectives

Various television programmes give the impression on a daily basis that detectives have special powers or even roam around armed — this is a fallacy. Detectives such as the private investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt and Hesse do not possess special rights, which are largely reserved for state authorities such as customs, the police or the public prosecutor’s office. No, the powers of detectives essentially derive from the so-called “everyman’s rights”. The following gives a plain-language explanation of these everyman’s rights. Fundamentally, there are powers relevant under criminal law and under civil law:

Relevant Powers of Detectives in the Sense of Criminal Law

§ 32 StGB (Criminal Code) Self-Defence
Self-defence is the defence that is necessary to avert a present unlawful attack on oneself or another.

 

§ 34 StGB Justifying Necessity
If one commits an act (for example the removal of a movable object belonging to another) in order thereby to avert a present danger that cannot otherwise be averted to life, limb, freedom, honour or property of oneself or others, one does not act unlawfully insofar as the act is an appropriate means to avert the danger.

Relevant Powers of Detectives in the Sense of Civil Law

Auch im Zivilrecht gibt es die Notwehr und den sogenannten Notstand. Diese sind in § 227 ff. BGB (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) aufgelistet. Weiterhin relevant für die Privatdetektive und Wirtschaftsermittler der Kurtz Detektei Frankfurt:

 

§ 229 BGB Selbsthilfe

Wer zum Zwecke der Selbsthilfe eine Sache wegnimmt, zerstört oder beschädigt, oder wer zum Zwecke der Selbsthilfe einen Verpflichteten, der der Flucht verdächtig ist, festnimmt oder den Widerstand des Verpflichteten gegen eine Handlung, die dieser zu dulden verpflichtet ist, beseitigt, handelt nicht widerrechtlich, wenn obrigkeitliche Hilfe nicht rechtzeitig zu erlangen ist und ohne sofortiges Eingreifen die Gefahr besteht, dass die Verwirklichung des Anspruchs vereitelt oder wesentlich erschwert werde.

 

Zudem dürfen Detektive wie auch jeder andere Bürger die vorläufige Festnahme nach § 127 StPO (Strafprozessordnung) durchführen, sofern der Täter auf frischer Tat angetroffen wird, eine Identitätsfeststellung nicht oder nicht auf anderem Weg möglich und polizeiliche Hilfe nicht umgehend zur Stelle ist.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

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