Private Detective Blog of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt, Germany

The Detective Profession in International Comparison – Global Commonalities and National Particularities

 

The profession of the private detective is widespread around the world. Whether in Frankfurt, New York, Tokyo or Cape Town – everywhere there are people seeking certainty when doubts arise: for example in cases of suspected infidelity, economic crime, fraud or missing persons. But the ways in which detectives are permitted to work, how they are perceived and under what conditions they operate differ considerably from country to country. While in some nations access is strictly regulated and tied to official licences, training and examinations, elsewhere there is virtually no statutory regulation, which has led to very different developments for the industry internationally.

 

In the following article Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt examines the legal foundations, admission requirements and peculiarities of the detective profession in numerous countries on all continents of our planet. Among other things, we address the following questions: How is the profession regulated in different parts of the world? What focal points do local detective agencies set? Or: Are there actually detectives in Antarctica? (Answer in the final section before the conclusion.) It soon becomes clear: private detectives work on similar cases worldwide, yet their social standing, legal recognition and professionalism vary significantly from country to country. It is no coincidence that the reader will encounter the term “grey area” several times in the overview below.

 

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Germany and Central Europe: The Detective as a Legally Secure Service Provider

 

Private Detectives in Germany


In Germany the detective is a recognised, albeit (unfortunately) not state-licensed profession. There are more or less clear statutory frameworks: data protection, personality rights, employment law, the right to one’s own image and the conditions for the admissibility of investigative results in court significantly restrict the work. These are general provisions and not special rules for the detective trade. Reputable detective agencies such as our detective office in Frankfurt/Main know these provisions exactly – and use only legally permissible means to help their clients obtain knowledge and justice. Surveillance, investigations, interviews, IT-forensic measures or counter-surveillance operations are therefore always carried out in compliance with applicable law.

 

The Detective Profession in Austria

 

Austria is one of the countries with the strictest statutory regulations for private detectives. Anyone wishing to work there as a “professional detective” must obtain a state concession, which is granted only after clearly defined admission requirements have been fulfilled. In addition to several years of relevant professional experience – for example as an assistant to a licensed professional detective or in the security sector – passing a specialist examination before the Austrian Economic Chamber is obligatory. Personal suitability criteria such as impeccable reputation, absence of criminal convictions and the physical ability to perform the job are also required. The concession is not only linked to the individual but also to the respective detective agency.

 

Austrian trade law also prescribes a professional code that details which activities professional detectives may undertake: these include surveillance, investigations in both private and commercial contexts, the screening of employees and the securing and documentation of evidence for court proceedings. At the same time strict legal limits apply, particularly with regard to data protection and personality rights. These stringent requirements have professionalised the occupation in Austria – a marked difference to countries where private detectives operate without licensing or standardised qualifications, and in many respects an ideal to which many German detectives aspire for the future of their profession.

 

The Detective Profession in Switzerland: Freedom with Grey Areas

 

In Switzerland the profession of private detective is scarcely regulated. Similar to Germany, anyone may open a detective office – there is no state licensing or uniform admission requirements as in Austria. However, investigators often require authorisation from the cantonal police authorities or the Federal Office of Police for surveillance in public spaces, and data protection rules impose strict limits. Nevertheless, the detective profession in Switzerland remains a free trade, without mandatory training or specialist examinations. This leads to considerable differences in quality between individual providers.


👉 The result for Central Europe is therefore mixed: while countries such as Austria and (not further discussed here) Luxembourg opt for concessioning and occupational protection, Switzerland and Germany allow largely free market access. For clients this means that selecting a reputable investigator requires very different levels of research and trust depending on the country.

 

Private Detectives in Great Britain and Ireland: Traditional and Liberal


In Great Britain the term “private investigator” is widespread, rather than, for example, “private detective” – but it is not (yet) legally protected. The profession was long scarcely regulated, although in recent years there have been repeated steps towards introducing binding licensing standards. Originally a mandatory licensing scheme by the Security Industry Authority (SIA) had been envisaged, but implementation was repeatedly postponed and never made compulsory. Today there is merely a voluntary accreditation system that reputable detective agencies in Great Britain may use to signal professionalism.


British detectives enjoy a certain cultural prominence – not least thanks to literary role models such as Sherlock Holmes. In everyday practice they work similarly to their European colleagues, often focusing on economic crime and insurance fraud, but sometimes with more leeway in information gathering. Cooperations between Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt and private detectives in Great Britain on assignments in the United Kingdom have proved to be very professional and satisfactory; particularly in Scotland and England we have very reliable partners.

 

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Detectives in Ireland: Regulation Under Development

 

Detective work in Ireland was long unregulated. Only in recent years has the trade been more strongly structured. Today private detectives require authorisation from the Private Security Authority (PSA). Admission requirements include, among other things, an impeccable reputation and often relevant professional experience in the police or security sector. The industry is still in a developmental stage compared with Great Britain.

 

Scandinavia: Discretion under Strict Data-Protection Laws


In Scandinavian countries such as Sweden, Norway and Denmark the detective profession is heavily regulated and less present in public life. Principles of state transparency and restrictive data-protection rules limit demand and the powers of private investigators.


Although detective agencies exist here too, they often focus on commercial assignments such as the verification of sickness cases, time-sheet fraud or competition infringements – within clearly defined legal boundaries.

 

Sweden: Freedom of Trade with Registration Requirement


In Sweden the activity of a private detective is legally possible without a special vocational training requirement. However, detective agencies must register with the police and obtain a kind of trade permit. A clean record is a prerequisite: anyone with a criminal conviction will not receive authorisation. Professional qualifications are not legally required, although many investigators come from the security services or the police. All in all this is very similar to the German situation; Sweden thus occupies a moderate position between complete freedom of trade and strict licensing. For private detectives in Sweden the general data-protection restrictions are more problematic than profession-specific admission requirements.

 

Agencies in Norway: Clear Rules and Licence Requirement


Norway pursues a stricter approach. Anyone wishing to work there as a private detective requires state authorisation from the police. Several criteria must be met for this: a clean criminal record, sufficient financial means to run a business and professional suitability, which is usually demonstrated by experience in the security sector or in law-enforcement agencies. This regulation makes the market for detectives in Norway smaller but also more professionalised than in many neighbouring countries.

 

Finland: Detective Firms as a Security Trade with Licence Obligation


In Finland the detective profession falls under the security industry. Private investigators must apply for an official licence, which is only granted after checks on reliability, financial stability and professional suitability. The activity is closely linked to Finnish data-protection rules. Without a licence practising detective work in Finland is prohibited and can have legal consequences. Clients therefore benefit from a relatively high degree of legal certainty.

 

Detectives in Denmark: A Strictly Controlled State Trade

 

In Denmark access to the detective profession is also regulated. Working as a private detective in Denmark requires police authorisation, which demands a clean criminal record, no relevant convictions and demonstrable professional experience in the security or investigative field. The applicant’s financial reliability is also checked. Those who receive authorisation are subject to ongoing supervision. Denmark therefore belongs to the countries where the profession is comparatively restrictive.


👉 The comparison of the Nordic countries shows: while Great Britain and Sweden offer comparatively open markets, Norway, Finland and Denmark rely on licensing and strict access control, which (at least in theory) leads to a higher level of professionalism.

 

Southern and Western Europe: Inconsistent Strictness


In Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Spain or Greece the activities of private detectives are legally recognised and frequently regulated, but the purely “craft” component of the profession is often less standardised than in Central Europe. At the same time investigations in the political sphere are not uncommon here – especially sensitive in environments where corruption or organised crime can be significant problems. Detectives in Southern Europe are regularly engaged in marital and maintenance matters. Clear differences exist within and compared to the Benelux countries.

 

Private Detective Agencies in the Netherlands: Relatively Free Access

 

In the Netherlands the detective profession is officially recognised, but admission requirements are comparatively lax. Those wishing to work as private detectives require authorisation from the Ministry of Justice, whereby a clean criminal record is essential. There is no mandatory special training; however, investigators are expected to act in accordance with the principles of integrity and proportionality. The work of detectives in the Netherlands therefore shows strong similarities to the German situation.

 

Belgium: Clearly Structured Licensing for Detectives

 

Belgium is among the European countries with the strictest requirements for professional detectives. To obtain a licence as a private detective, state-recognised training plus an examination are required. Applicants must be at least 21 years old and have a spotless criminal record. The licence is issued by the Ministry of the Interior and is regularly reviewed. Belgium is therefore highly regulated and professionalised.

 

Detectives in Portugal: Licence from the Ministry of the Interior

 

In Portugal the activity of a private detective is subject to a licensing requirement by the Ministry of the Interior. In addition to a clean record, professional knowledge is required, usually demonstrated by special training or pre-qualifications in the security sector. The licence is regularly reviewed, ensuring continuous quality control.

 

Spain as an Exceptional Case: Compulsory Academic Education

 

In Spain the profession of private detective is strictly regulated. Anyone wishing to work here must indeed hold a university degree, namely in the subject “Criminología” or “Detective Privado”, which was specifically created for the training of detectives. In addition applicants must be entered in an official professional register and may act only within the scope of Spanish data-protection and criminal law. Spain is therefore one of the few countries in the world where access to the detective profession is tied to a formal higher-education qualification.


Unfortunately, our Frankfurt detectives’ experience shows that this does not necessarily translate into higher quality of practice; in co-operations with Spanish colleagues we have repeatedly observed shortcomings both in technical competence and in reliability. On several occasions colleagues were even overwhelmed by our request to issue a proper invoice. When such “basics” fail, questions inevitably arise about the quality and modalities of the quality control accompanying the mandatory university training.

 

Private Detectives in France: State Licence and Training Obligation

 

France also has one of the strictest licensing systems for detectives in Europe. Private investigators must complete state-recognised training, which concludes with a diploma called “Enquêteur de droit privé” (approximately “Private Law Investigator”). A licence from the Ministry of the Interior is then necessary, granted only after a reliability check and a clean criminal record. Working as a detective without this licence is a criminal offence. Regulation has led to a strongly professionalised and socially recognised industry in France.


In practice our Frankfurt agency has had many very positive experiences with private investigators in France; compared with similarly regulated Spain, generally much more solution-oriented and promising investigative approaches are evident.

 

Italy: Permits for Detective Agencies at Provincial Level

 

In Italy the detective industry is regulated by the prefectures (local representatives of the Ministry of the Interior). Every detective agency needs an official permit that examines both professional suitability and personal reliability. A legal or criminological education is often required. Furthermore only a licensed “Investigatore privato autorizzato” may head a detective agency in Italy, while employed investigators work under his responsibility and face lower admission requirements for their activity. Italy therefore exhibits a strongly hierarchical licensing system.

 

The Detective Profession in Croatia: Regulation Since Independence

 

In Croatia the detective profession was regulated in the 1990s. Prospective private detectives must pass a state examination that covers legal knowledge and practical investigative skills. Requirements include a minimum age (usually 21), a clean criminal record and often professional experience in the security or police sector. After passing the exam a state licence is issued, which must be renewed periodically.

 

Greece: Detective Licence by the Police

 

In Greece work as a private detective is permitted only with a police licence. Applicants must be of legal age, without a criminal record, and must provide proof of professional qualifications, often in the form of courses or certificates in the security field. The authorisation is fee-based and tied to a local branch, so that every detective agency can be registered and controlled. Detective offices in Greece are mostly concentrated in urban centres such as Athens and Thessaloniki, while for investigations on many islands external investigators are flown or sailed in.


👉 This produces a clear overall picture for Western and Southern Europe: the region is characterised by regulation of the detective profession that is generally stricter than in Germany and almost everywhere includes training, licences and sometimes regular reviews.

 

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Detective Agencies in Eastern Europe: Between Upheaval and Grey Areas


In many Eastern European countries private investigative work was prohibited during the Cold War; intelligence agencies and other investigative authorities had a state monopoly on information gathering. After the political upheavals of the 1990s numerous detective agencies emerged in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria or Ukraine, initially with little legal control. Since then many places have introduced statutory standards. Nevertheless differences in professionalism and seriousness remain – also due to lower public trust in private investigative services.

 

Detective Agencies in Poland: Police-Organised Examination

 

In Poland the profession of private detective has been legally regulated since the 2000s. Applicants must take a state examination organised by the police and then receive a licence authorising professional activity. Admission requirements are majority age, a clean criminal record and usually proof of relevant specialist courses. Working as a private detective without a licence in Poland is a criminal offence.

 

Czech Republic: Moderate Licence Obligation for Detectives

 

In the Czech Republic detective work is a commercial activity subject to a state licence. Required, in addition to a clean record, are basic legal and security knowledge proven by examinations. Compared with Western Europe access is somewhat less restrictive, but there are concrete legal foundations that ensure a certain professionalisation of detectives in the Czech Republic.

 

Balkan Countries (see Greece and Croatia above): Strongly Varying Regulations

 

The Balkans display an inconsistent picture. In countries such as Serbia or Bosnia-Herzegovina the profession is legally defined but the enforcement of the licensing obligation often lacks consistency. Applicants must usually obtain authorisation from the Ministry of the Interior and show a clean criminal record, but oversight varies regionally. In Albania and Montenegro the detective profession is generally less regulated; security firms may effectively perform investigative tasks without a specific detective licence.


Overall the profession in the Balkans is often less established and formally weaker than in Western, Central and Southern Europe.

 

Baltics: Modern Licence Systems After the EU Model

 

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania introduced licensing of the detective profession after their EU accession (2004). Required are a clean criminal record, specialist examinations and in some cases previous professional experience in the security or police services. Licences are issued by the respective ministries of the interior. Particularly in Estonia the industry is strongly digitally oriented: many detective agencies offer specialised services in cyber investigations.

 

Detectives in Hungary: A Strictly Regulated Profession

 

In Hungary the detective profession is clearly regulated by law. To work as a private detective you need a state licence, granted only after completing specialised vocational training in the security sector. In addition minimum age, a clean criminal record and regular continuing education to retain the licence are required. Hungary is therefore one of the Eastern European countries with the most demanding qualification obligations. Through our contacts our commercial detective division from Frankfurt cooperates with excellent locally based private detectives in Hungary.

 

Brief Overview: Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus

 

These countries share a more recent history tied to the former Soviet Union, which is reflected in the structures of the detective trade. A short overview:

  • Slovakia: Relatively clearly regulated, with state licence requirement and examinations similar to the Czech Republic.

  • Romania: Strict law with training requirement (usually via legal or criminological specialist courses), licence by the Ministry of the Interior required.

  • Moldova: Regulation of detectives is still developing; although there is a law, practical enforcement and oversight are weak.

  • Ukraine: The detective profession was officially legalised in 2019 and requires a licence from the Ministry of Justice. The industry is young and faces an uncertain future in view of the Russia–Ukraine war.

  • Belarus: Strong state control; only a few private investigators are permitted to work, often closely aligned with security authorities. The detective profession in Belarus is strongly restricted and hardly comparable with Western European standards.


👉 This shows: while countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania have established structured licensing systems, the profession in parts of the Balkans and in Moldova and Belarus is either weakly regulated or heavily politicised.

 

Detectives in Asia: Between High Tech and Tradition


In Japan and South Korea there are highly specialised detective agencies that rely heavily on technical solutions – for example digital surveillance or forensic data analysis. At the same time the profession is often viewed negatively in social terms, perceived as an intrusion into privacy or as an expression of social mistrust. Overall Asia presents a very heterogeneous picture.

 

Japan: State-Regulated Detective Agencies

 

In Japan the detective profession has been statutorily regulated since 2007 by the Private Detective Business Act. Every detective agency must register with local authorities and apply for a state licence. A clean criminal record is a prerequisite; prior convictions, particularly for violent or fraud offences, preclude authorisation. Formal vocational training is not required, but detectives in Japan must adhere to strict documentation obligations and regularly demonstrate training in data protection and working methods.

 

Private Detectives in China: Legal Grey Area in a Restrictive Environment

 

In China the detective profession is not officially recognised. There are many persons and agencies that present themselves as “information consultants”, but classical private detective agencies may work only in a limited way. Surveillance and evidence gathering are often legally problematic; accusations of illegal surveillance or even espionage can be raised quickly, not least by authorities that view any challenge to their information monopoly as a threat. Many Chinese detectives therefore operate semi-officially and move in a legal grey area. Cases involving industrial espionage, brand piracy or bribery are particularly sensitive.

 

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India: Unregulated but Growing Detective Sector

 

In India there is no state regulation of the detective profession; in principle anyone may open a detective office. The market is regarded as opaque, with numerous unregistered agencies. Nevertheless several trade associations (for example the Association of Private Detectives and Investigators India) have been formed to establish self-regulation and quality standards. Many detectives are recruited from the police or military. The growing demand for investigations, for example into economic crime and marital matters, is driving sector expansion despite the lack of official oversight. Demand is high.

 

United Arab Emirates: Practice Under State Supervision

 

In the UAE the exercise of the detective profession is possible but very strictly regulated. Detective agencies require state authorisation and are subject to close supervision by security authorities. Many private detectives are former police officers or military personnel. Data-protection and privacy provisions are particularly strict and violations may carry draconian criminal penalties.

 

Overview of Selected Other Asian Countries

 

  • South Korea: The detective profession is not officially recognised, although legalisation has been under discussion for years.
  • Philippines: Regulation is weak; many private detectives operate without a state licence.
  • Singapore: Licence obligation under the Private Security Industry Act, including training and police background checks.

 

The Situation of Detectives in Australia and New Zealand

 

While Europe and North America have a long tradition of regulating private detectives, the English-speaking countries of the Southern Hemisphere also deserve a look. Both Australia and New Zealand have developed clear systems that tightly regulate access to the profession – though with different emphases.


Australia: Federal-State Licensing Systems

 

In Australia detective work is a matter for the individual states. Anyone wishing to work as a private detective requires a state licence. Prerequisites are a clean criminal record, a minimum age of 18 and proof of state-recognised training in “Investigation” or “Security”. Detectives in Australia must undertake regular continuing education and renew their licences – all familiar features from Europe. Australia is therefore comparatively strict and transparent in regulation.

 

Private Detectives in New Zealand: State Authorisation Mandatory

 

In the land of hobbits and orcs the detective profession is regulated by the Private Security Personnel and Private Investigators Act. Every detective in New Zealand requires a licence issued by the state supervisory authority (PSPLA). Requirements include a police background check, a minimum age (20 years) and proof of professional experience or training. Applicants must also demonstrate their suitability and integrity in an official procedure. New Zealand therefore ranks among the countries with the clearest professional access rules for detectives worldwide.

 

Conclusion for Asia and Oceania

 

As in Europe, Asia and Oceania present a mixed picture: from legal grey zones in China and South Korea to state licensing in Japan and Singapore to Australia and New Zealand with the highest standards and clearest rules worldwide.

 

Private Detectives in Africa: An Emerging Market under Difficult Conditions


In most African countries there is no binding regulation of the detective profession. Nevertheless demand is rising – especially in countries with strong economic development such as South Africa, Nigeria or Kenya. Investigative work often concentrates on economic crime, person tracing or asset protection. Below we limit our country selection to a few representative examples.

 

South Africa: Regulated Sector with Licence Requirement

 

South Africa is the only African country with comprehensive statutory regulation for private detectives. The activity falls under the Private Security Industry Regulation Act (PSIRA). Every investigator must apply for a licence, which is granted only if certain conditions are met:

  • a clean police record without convictions,
  • evidence of training in the security or investigative field,
  • regular continuing education, and
  • compliance with strict reporting and documentation obligations.

 

South Africa is therefore a pioneer on the African continent and has a comparatively professional investigator sector. Many detectives in South Africa work closely with security firms – a typical example of the strong link between detective agencies and security services in Africa.

 

Nigeria: A Booming but Unregulated Market

 

In Nigeria the detective profession is not legally regulated. Many investigators are former police officers or soldiers offering services privately. Demand is high, especially in the areas of economic crime, corruption and marital matters. Detectives here often operate in a legal grey area, as surveillance, data collection or covert investigations are legally unclear. Corruption within the justice system also complicates the admissibility of evidence in court.

 

North Africa I: Egypt – Detective Work within an Islamic Context

 

In most North African countries there is no official licensing. Private investigators are active but work mainly as security consultants or information providers, since the classical detective profession is not legally defined. In Egypt and Morocco they often undertake typical detective tasks such as resolving infidelity cases or investigating economic crime. The close link with police and intelligence services means private detectives are often under particular scrutiny by the authorities.


In Egypt classical detective agencies as known from Central Europe or North America are not common; instead former police officers or military personnel carry out discreet investigations informally – usually in sensitive areas (particularly within Islam) such as marital and family disputes, missing-person enquiries or the omnipresent suspicion of fraud. Clear state regulation is largely absent, so clients should be particularly cautious when selecting investigators. Cultural and religious norms strongly influence the work, making it difficult for foreign investigators to obtain relevant information in Egypt without considerable personal risk. Surveillance or enquiries in the private sphere are delicate and can quickly lead to legal or social conflict; self-help is not uncommon. To our knowledge women do not work as private detectives in Egypt. Almost all active investigators are based in Lower Egypt, the majority in the megacity Cairo.

 

North Africa II: Morocco – Between State Control and Informal Practice

 

In Morocco there is no officially regulated profession of private detectives in the European sense. Investigative work falls within the remit of security services or state authorities, leaving individuals little legal scope to found a detective agency. Nevertheless both official (but unregulated) agencies in urban centres such as Casablanca and Marrakesh and informal investigators operating on personal recommendation exist, focusing on topics like adultery, marriage scams or the vetting of business partners. Because of the lack of a clear legal basis these activities sit in a legal grey area and may entail significant risks. Cultural conditioning is also noticeable: discretion is paramount, as intrusions into private life are particularly sensitive in traditionally minded societies.

 

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Other Regions of Africa – Overviewk

 

  • East Africa (e.g. Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda): Detective offices exist but without state licensing. Reputable agencies follow Western standards and rely on self-regulation.

  • West Africa (see Nigeria above): Hardly formalised structures. Many investigators operate informally, often as an adjunct to security services.

  • Central and Southern Africa (see South Africa above): In countries such as Angola or Mozambique there are few private investigators; police and intelligence services dominate.

     

👉 The African continent is fairly homogeneous regarding the detective profession: only South Africa has a professional, strictly licensed system; in most other countries the sector is unregulated and informal. Demand is nevertheless rising – especially in economically growing regions such as Nigeria, Kenya and parts of North Africa.

 

USA and Canada: Commercialisation and Regional Variety


In the USA the detective profession is state-licensed, but not uniform at federal level – regulation is on a state-by-state basis. This creates a patchwork of rules. While in California or New York strict examinations and training are required, other states have much lower hurdles. The spectrum ranges from highly professional investigative firms to individuals with rudimentary training. In most states a licence is mandatory, obtained through an examination or a minimum number of years’ proven professional experience in a relevant area (for example police, military, security service). Some states also require liability insurance. In smaller states one can sometimes work almost without formal barriers.


US detective agencies cover a broad range: undercover assignments in violent crime investigations, insurance-fraud investigations, person surveillance and missing-person enquiries. The use of technology (GPS, drones, cameras) is widespread and generally less restricted than in Germany. One of the best-known real detectives in history, Allan Pinkerton, founded his agency in Chicago in 1850 and was one of the pioneers of the profession worldwide. Overall the detective profession is widespread and deeply embedded in US society.
In Canada the situation is similar, albeit with generally stricter requirements, particularly concerning data protection and legal certainty. Here too the profession is regulated at provincial level. Licensing of detectives in Canada is usually compulsory by the respective justice or security ministry. Requirements include minimum age (usually 18 or 19), a clean criminal record and completion of state-recognised training or examination. In Ontario, for example, compulsory courses cover legal basics, surveillance techniques and ethics. Canada is considered modern and well regulated.

 

Latin America: Between Security Service and Investigative Work


In countries such as Brazil, Mexico or Argentina the detective profession often overlaps with private-security services, similar to Africa. Regulation and quality vary widely – sometimes there are legal frameworks, sometimes providers operate largely unchecked; overall underregulation is common. In regions with high crime rates there is great demand for private investigation, for example in the many kidnapping cases or fraud incidents. At the same time detective work in Latin America is often risky and may lie partly in legal grey areas.


While the major nations Brazil, Mexico and Argentina, by virtue of their size and economic importance, set the tone (not only) for the detective profession in Latin America, a glance at other countries is worthwhile. We have chosen Peru as an illustrative example below.

 

Detective Agencies in Mexico: Few Access Restrictions

 

Regulation of detectives in Mexico is relatively relaxed. Although there are provisions for licensing by regional authorities, enforcement is inconsistent. Many detectives work semi-officially or as part of security firms. For reputable agencies a police clean-record check is standard, but formal admission barriers are otherwise low.

 

Brazil: Detectives Legally Recognised but Loosely Regulated

 

In Brazil the detective profession is legally recognised and has professionalised in recent years. Detectives must register, but admission requirements are moderate. Specialised training is not strictly mandatory, although a clean criminal record and integrity are fundamental prerequisites. The industry is in high demand, among other reasons because of frequent cases of economic crime.

 

Argentina: No Clear Regulation for Private Investigators

 

Argentina currently lacks clear statutory foundations for private investigators. In practice almost anyone may open a detective office without state approval. Nevertheless many agencies work on a voluntary basis according to self-imposed rules and model themselves on Western and Central European standards to signal credibility. Reputable detectives in Argentina suffer from the familiar dilemma of wanting binding standards to separate the wheat from the chaff while political interest in regulating the sector remains low.

 

Peru: Between State Registration and a Practical Gap

 

In Peru the detective profession is not prohibited but is only rudimentarily regulated. There is no specific detective licence; instead investigators must register their trade with the Ministry of the Interior or the police. In practice many private detectives operate without official authorisation, as the legal requirements are vaguely formulated and often not strictly enforced.


Because the country faces corruption and organised crime in certain regions, the use of private detectives is sometimes associated with substantial risks – both for investigators and clients. Reputable agencies stress their law-compliant working methods and explicitly distance themselves from dubious “shadow detectives” operating outside the legal framework. Clients in Peru should insist on demonstrable registration and credibility to avoid incriminating themselves or becoming involved in shady dealings.

 

👉 Conclusion for Latin America

 

Peru thus fits neatly into our small selection of Latin American examples: a country where private detectives exist but operate on an uncertain legal basis. Overall the detective profession in Latin America fulfils an important social function, particularly where state institutions are overloaded or inefficient. Private detectives take on tasks not performed by the police. Nevertheless the profession is legally weakly anchored in most states. Clients are therefore well advised to scrutinise the credibility and professionalism of a detective agency carefully to avoid engaging actors who operate without a clear legal foundation; this applies also to countries not discussed in detail here such as Colombia, Venezuela or the small Bolivia.


Latin America thus finds itself at a point of tension: rising demand for private investigations on the one hand and the need for clearer legal frameworks on the other. For reputable detectives this presents an opportunity to build trust through transparency, professionalism and international networking – thereby contributing sustainably to legal certainty in the region.

 

Private Detectives in Antarctica | Detectives in the Antarctic

 

Are there private detectives in Antarctica? If so, our detective team from Frankfurt does not know of them.


At first glance the idea of private investigations in the eternal ice seems absurd. In fact Antarctica is a continent full of mysteries, as it is naturally the least explored region on Earth and nobody knows which archaeological treasures may be concealed (but sometimes also preserved) beneath the sometimes kilometre-thick ice sheet. Think of the Allan Hills 84001 fragment of a suspected Martian meteorite, found in 1984 near the southern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf and, from 1996 onwards, celebrated as the hottest candidate at the time for fossil extraterrestrial life – an event that generated such a media hype that the then US President Bill Clinton was persuaded to make an enthusiastic press statement, which was later deftly edited into Robert Zemeckis’s science-fiction film Contact (to Clinton’s displeasure). Little wonder there is a rich body of literature and cinematic attention on the Antarctic continent, primarily in the form of sci-fi and horror stories: from Edgar Allan Poe’s The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and its later continuations by Jules Verne, The Ice Sphinx (1897), and Mat Johnson’s Pym (2011), through H. P. Lovecraft’s novella At the Mountains of Madness (1936), John Carpenter’s 1982 film The Thing (inspired by John W. Campbell’s novella Who Goes There? (1938)), or the film Alien vs. Predator (2004) to Dan Brown’s thriller Deception Point (2001), which was inspired by the aforementioned discussion about the Allan Hills fragment.


Independent of the great mystery Antarctica still represents, people also live there, and where people gather similar social problems with relevance to the detective profession arise worldwide. Life on a research station in particular can cause high emotional strain; stress factors for Antarctic researchers include, among others: extreme cold, extreme light conditions, cramped living, limited privacy, lack of family contact and long-term friendships (isolation) etc. This can lead to alcoholism and a loss of control. In recent years reports of sexual assaults at Antarctic research stations have increased. There is therefore a basic level of potential work for detectives in Antarctica, but whether any investigator would deem this sufficient to endure the hardships of life on the Antarctic continent is debatable. Research stations are sometimes far apart and belong to different states; one does not simply drive from A to B in Antarctica. Since even the largest research station, McMurdo Station, is winter-occupied by only around 250 people, there is likely no sufficient demand for detectives in Antarctica to make a living from this activity.

 

Detective shivering in the dusk in Antarctica; detective agency from Frankfurt, detective from Frankfurt am Main, private detective from Frankfurt a. M., detective agency from Frankfurt/Main

 

In Summary: One Profession – Many Faces


With the exception of Antarctica, the detective profession exists worldwide – but in very different forms. Our international comparison makes clear: the occupational profile of the detective has no uniform international definition. While countries such as South Africa, the USA, Spain or France rely on strict licensing systems, in other states the profession may be practised practically without access restrictions. Between these poles lie numerous mixed forms shaped by historical developments, political frameworks and cultural particularities. Where licensing exists the admission requirements are generally similar, even across continents. As a rough guide to regional business orientations one might say: Central Europe emphasises legal certainty and seriousness, North America commercial diversity, Asia technological sophistication, and in Latin America and Africa the focus is often security-related.


Above all, however, what unites detectives worldwide is the search for truth and evidence – whether in international commercial disputes, complex cybercrime investigations or private matters such as infidelity, maintenance and custody. In an increasingly globalised world the international networking of detective agencies is becoming more important. Our agency from Frankfurt/Main addresses this exact need: we combine local know-how with international partner structures and thus offer clients discreet, professional investigations – in Germany, across Europe and around the globe. What remains is the common goal: the endeavour to create certainty where doubts exist.

 

Contact to Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt

 

Do you require investigations with an international reference or are you looking for globally operating contacts? Then Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt is your competent partner. We stand for a modern, legally secure and discreet investigative approach, with extensive experience in international co-operation and a deep interest in cultural differences. Discreet, legally secure, globally networked – Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt: +49 69 1201 8431.

 

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

 

Sandra Tzschaschel from Hessischer Rundfunk interviews private detective Holger E. in the office of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt about his encounter with the Hanau attacker, Tobias Rathjen, in October 2019 in Dortmund. Below is the video and beneath it the transcript.

“Tobias R. Wanted to Hire Detective Agency”

Article on hessenschau.de

The suspected perpetrator Tobias R. apparently contacted the Wuppertal branch of Kurtz Investigations in June 2019. He wished to commission the agency to establish contacts with the BND, intelligence services and the Federal Chancellor. Agency owner Patrick Kurtz told the hr that an investigator had met Tobias R. in Dortmund in October 2019. However, no assignment was agreed because the man apparently suffered from paranoid delusions. In a sector that also deals with counter-surveillance and debugging, the man was not an isolated case. “Every day people call who suffer from paranoid delusions.” He had not expressed xenophobic views.

 

That morning, Attorney General Peter Frank had already confirmed that the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office had been in contact with the suspected Hanau attacker in the previous November. At that time, a criminal complaint filed by the man had been received by the authority. In it, he had reported an unknown intelligence organisation to the police.

“Hanau Perpetrator Contacted Detective Agency” – hessenschau

Sandra Tzschaschel: “Tobias R., the suspected perpetrator from Hanau, radicalised himself on the internet. Alone, without a right-wing extremist network. That is the view of the authorities. He is considered a withdrawn person. But long before his attack, Tobias R. sought contact, sought proof for his delusions, and turned to a detective agency last year. In October there was even a personal meeting in Düsseldorf. What he wanted is described to me today by Holger E. and his manager during a conversation in Frankfurt.”

 

Private detective “Holger E.”: “He needed from us our staff, BND or MAD, or best of all even the Office for the Protection of the Constitution or ideally Mrs Merkel. We were supposed to enable contact for him and were supposed to give him telephone numbers. He immediately began telling me his life story from early childhood. And he also read passages from this ‘manifesto’ to me.”

Tobias Rathjen Contacted the Authorities Independently

Sandra Tzschaschel: “Tobias R. also turned to the Federal Public Prosecutor in Karlsruhe because of his fear of a secret organisation, and not only there did he seek attention.”

 

Holger Schmidt, terrorism expert: “My impression is that he also contacted public prosecutors’ offices at the state level and, in my view, also engaged in extensive correspondence with authorities in Hesse. My impression is that he discussed the matters troubling him – namely that there was a persecution, a power, something strange pursuing him – with numerous authorities.”

Still No Nationwide Firearms Register

Sandra Tzschaschel: “What did not raise concern: Tobias R. possessed firearms. Legally. Two were registered on his firearms possession card, issued in 2013 by the responsible district authority – to a 43-year-old man with delusions. A nationwide firearms register does not exist.”

 

Holger Schmidt: “The question of who receives a firearm, who may carry it and what rights are attached to it, such as firearms licence or firearms possession card, is a matter for the federal states or the municipalities. As far as I can tell, there is currently no possibility to query this centrally; it is always a matter for the involved regional authorities. Whether it can remain that way is now, of course, the question.”

Hanau Attack; Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt, Detective in Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt, Detective Agency from Frankfurt Main

Authorities’ Information System No Longer Up to Date

Sandra Tzschaschel: “Tobias R. kept his intentions to kill and commit terrorism to himself. He made no hint whatsoever, not even to the detectives.”

 

Private detective “Holger E.”: “He did not give me the impression of being a threat. And I am a security consultant; I also have a certain sense for people who might become dangerous.”

 

Sandra Tzschaschel: “Tobias R. shot ten people, and the detectives ask themselves why no one took his weapons away in time.”

 

Private detective “Holger E.”: “It is all poorly organised here with the police, simply because it is not done centrally. The officer sitting at the front desk in a police station should, with a few clicks and the name and date of birth, immediately see: What sort of person is this?”

 

Sandra Tzschaschel: “The conversation back then lasted two and a half hours. The detectives offered their further support. However, Tobias R. broke off contact with them. Four months before his terrorist attack in Hanau.”

Correction

The meeting between our Unna-based detective Holger E. and Tobias Rathjen did not take place in Düsseldorf, but in the Landhaus Dieckmanns in Dortmund.

Our condolences go out to the victims and their families.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

26

Feb

2020

Report on Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt and Tobias R. in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung

The attacker of Hanau met with a private detective in October 2019. He asked him for help because he believed he was being monitored by an intelligence service. The statements Tobias R. made at that time support the image of a mentally ill perpetrator.

Hanau attack; Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Tobias R., private detective Frankfurt am Main, private detective agency Frankfurt

Delusional Concept: Thoughts as a Blueprint for American Politics

According to information obtained by the F.A.Z., the Hanau mass murderer Tobias R. contacted Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt am Main in June of the previous year, hoping the agency could assist him in uncovering an intelligence service that he imagined as part of a delusional system. According to agency owner Patrick Kurtz, R. had explained on the telephone that in Germany only the Federal Chancellor and the President of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution knew about the existence of this intelligence service. R. had hoped that the agency, which advertises good connections to security authorities, could arrange a contact for him at the domestic intelligence service in order to clarify the matter. “We naturally declined; it also became clear to us quite quickly that something was not right with the man mentally,” says Kurtz.

 

After several further telephone calls, Holger E., a senior employee of the agency, nevertheless agreed to a meeting scheduled for 24 October 2019 in an inn in Dortmund. “Mr R. made a tidy impression at first glance,” says Holger E. “Grey suit, black shoes, light-coloured shirt, short hair, well-groomed appearance.” During the meeting, R. had read various passages from a document he had brought with him; from these it emerged that R. had been hearing voices since early childhood and that he believed his thoughts were being stolen from his mind and used as a blueprint for the American film industry and the politics of the American president.

“He did not appear violent to me”

Holger E. is certain: “Those were the same passages that now also appear in this 24-page document often referred to as the perpetrator’s manifesto.” R. did not read out to him the xenophobic sections of the manifesto at that time, nor those that contained indications of a planned attack.

 

“He did not appear violent to me and did not mention his firearms licence either,” says Holger E. Almost daily, individuals with mental disorders contact the agency, for example people who believe that their flat is being bugged or that they are being targeted with radiation. A report to the police would only be filed if there were indications of a readiness to commit violence.

Large Number of Mentally Disturbed Callers

Tobias R. differed from many other mentally ill clients in that he appeared above-average intelligent and articulate and seemed capable of managing daily life. “I understood him to mean that he had been employed for some time but was probably no longer working at the time of our conversation,” says Holger E. “However, he did not seem to have financial concerns.” Tobias R. had not mentioned any social contacts except for one friend who appears as a conversational partner at various points in his manifesto.

 

But why was a meeting arranged with Tobias R. at all if the telephone calls had already made it clear that the man did not need a detective but a doctor? “The people who contact us have often already had many unsuccessful attempts at therapy,” says Kurtz. Sometimes it can help them to feel that someone is addressing their problems. Holger E. says he asked Tobias R. at the end of the conversation to compile and send him the central passages of his manifesto; he would then see what he could do for him. He never heard from R. again.

Notes

The original article by Constantin van Lijnden appeared in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (F.A.Z.). The emphasis (bold print) and links on this page may differ from the original.

Our condolences go to the victims and their families.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

25

Feb

2020

For the magazine programme “Im Blick” of the broadcaster Rhein-Main TV, Robert Murrmann interviews private investigator Patrick Kurtz in the office of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt. Below is a transcript of the interview. Here is the link to the video (German only).

Three Questions for a Detective

Question 1: What qualities does a good detective need?

Patrick Kurtz: “To become a detective, in my opinion one should have brains – that is very important. Staying power, in other words a great deal of patience. The ability to concentrate: If you have to focus for many hours on one point where perhaps nothing at all is happening, then that is exhausting, then that is mentally demanding. So you need this patience and ability to concentrate.

 

What has often helped me is physical fitness. It makes things easier for me during observations, for example, especially during foot surveillance, to keep a good distance and thus remain unobtrusive without losing visual contact, because I can catch up quickly, because I am flexible and also not afraid to climb over a wall or a fence if it is legal and purposeful. And accordingly I also consider physical fitness important.”

Special Professions: Detective; Frankfurt Private Investigator, Frankfurt am Main Detective Agency, Frankfurt Detective Office, Frankfurt Private Investigator

Question 2: What prejudices do you encounter daily in your work?

Patrick Kurtz: “Many people, of course, think of things like the Trovatos and Carsten Stahl. We also have to deal with that in certain client enquiries. We have to get these silly ideas out of their heads, because they think we could engage in all sorts of antics that violate the personality rights of the subject. For example, using directional microphones at greater distances, eavesdropping on people – that sort of thing is a no-go in our profession, we have no rights for that whatsoever. Also, for instance, photographing into private rooms, catching someone at a rendezvous – infidelity – ideally even photographing under the bedcovers. These are the kind of things we are, of course, not allowed to do.

 

And accordingly, false expectations are sometimes created through television, and people come to us with false expectations.”

Question 3: How exciting is the profession really?

Patrick Kurtz: “The level of excitement in our job varies enormously, completely individually from case to case. Many cases are really dreadfully boring. You sit in the car for hours, sometimes 10 hours, 12 hours, and that over several days, without anything truly relevant happening. It is simply an enormous amount of waiting. And that is, of course, the point at which the job is also strenuous and not necessarily a pleasant one.

 

But of course there are always extremely exciting cases as well. Sometimes because of the facts of the case, meaning when it is not necessarily the standard stories like infidelity – we have seen that a thousand times, and it is not necessarily the case that we experience something new over and over again. And then there are cases in which a lot simply happens. When a lot happens, then it is fun. When the subject moves around a lot and you have to follow with the vehicle, always having to stay focused so as not to lose them in traffic or in the pedestrian zone, depending on the circumstances of the case, then that is simply exciting and then it is fun. But that is not necessarily the everyday situation.”

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

22

Feb

2020

An article by Eva-Maria Lill following an interview with Patrick Kurtz: Observations from a Frankfurt Detective Agency

“People may argue about taste in wallpaper. Intelligence is not up for debate. Private detective Patrick Kurtz hunts down fraudsters and criminals in Frankfurt. In doing so, he not only follows one of his role models in terms of office design: Sherlock Holmes.

 

Patrick Kurtz looks much younger than his furniture. He is 27, his display table an estimated hundred. On the polished wood stands a bottle of Ardbeg whisky, the black-red leather of the two-seater creaks. Patrick Kurtz’s light brogue Oxford shoes too. His office is a time machine for the lost. For those seeking help, the betrayed, the victims. Kurtz is a detective — one of about 75 in Frankfurt. He opened his first agency in Leipzig in early 2013. He now owns 28 agencies across Germany, including one in the Main metropolis since 2014.

 

We spoke with him about his profession, clichés, and enduring hours in a car. Occasion: Over the Pentecost weekend, ARD broadcast the fourth season of the British hit series Sherlock. Kurtz is a big fan — and with a pipe, MacBook, and DSLR, he embodies a modern version of the brilliant Holmes.”

On Real Detective Work in Frankfurt am Main

Offenbach-Post: “Mr Kurtz, do you meet many people with a false impression of your profession?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Certainly. This is mainly caused by television productions where investigators photograph innocents through living room windows and then get into fights.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Everyday life in Frankfurt must be much less exciting.”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “It’s exciting in a different way. Physical altercations almost never happen. Perhaps once in a hundred cases. And we have to observe the law. Entering highly personal areas is prohibited — for example, photographing inside a house or car. If someone is having sexual intercourse in a car on a country lane, I cannot just zoom in and take pictures.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “What are you allowed to do, then?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “In Germany, this is not clearly regulated by law; there is a need for updating. We have to examine current court rulings to understand what is permitted. Until a few years ago, it was common to use GPS trackers to create movement profiles. Then, in 2013, several rulings led to colleagues being sentenced to imprisonment. In principle, our client must have a legitimate interest in solving the case for us to act — after all, every investigation infringes on personal rights. Such interest exists, for example, with spouses who have a financial connection. But not if I want to spy on a girlfriend I’ve known for only two weeks out of jealousy.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “How is cooperation with the police?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Either we take on cases that do not reach the authorities at all, or we are engaged in parallel. Cooperation is often not easy. It varies from city to city. In Frankfurt, we have no problems. In Leipzig, it happened that officers felt their honour had been insulted and therefore did not follow up on our information.”

Case Types and Detective Fees

Offenbach-Post: “What kinds of cases do you mainly deal with?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Fraud. Privately, this is usually infidelity; commercially, it involves time-wasting or accounting fraud. Theft also occurs frequently.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “And in Frankfurt?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Frankfurt is a financial centre, so we are often engaged by companies. Moreover, people here can generally afford our services more than, for example, in the Ruhr region.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “So you are expensive?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Our hourly rate is €59. Gross for private clients, net for companies.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “So the typical client is well-off?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “You could say that. But occasionally, there is also a pensioner who has saved for a long time to locate their family.”

Are Detective Observations Boring?

Offenbach-Post: “Since we are on clichés: cheaters are mostly men, right?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “No. Men and women hire us about equally often. But we do not yet keep precise statistics on case numbers.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “How do you proceed when looking for a fraudster?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “We generally observe and do not intervene. About eighty per cent of our time is spent on surveillance. Two-thirds of that in a car, one-third on foot. The rest is research in databases.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Doesn’t that get boring over time?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Much of it is routine, yes. But we treat every assignment with the same seriousness — after all, it often involves matters of life and death for our clients.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “And the surveillance? Sitting in a car for hours…”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I listen to audiobooks or radio dramas — I can concentrate and learn at the same time. If I get tired, I turn on faster rock music and turn it up.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Don’t the residents notice?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I have only been spotted once. A target exited an apartment building during a mission, knocked on the window, and said we could stop our surveillance. Presumably, someone tipped off the suspect. We therefore had to come up with an alternative investigative method — and solved the case despite being compromised.”

Observation; Detektei Frankfurt am Main, Wirtschaftsdetektei Frankfurt, Privatdetektei Frankfurt, Privatdetektiv in Frankfurt am Main

Maintaining focus at a high level is one of the most important requirements for modern detectives in Germany, even when observations are uneventful.

“What makes a good Detective?”

Offenbach-Post: “How often are you successful?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “It depends on the budget. If we can observe for two days, suspicions are confirmed in about 70 per cent of cases. If only a few hours are funded, the success rate is lower.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “What makes a good detective?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Intelligence and the ability to understand causal relationships. You must stay focused even when nothing happens for hours. Nerves of steel are crucial, and fitness is needed to withstand extreme heat or cold in a car. Opening a window is taboo — reflective glass makes it harder to be seen. And you must be able to lie convincingly to obtain information.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “And you can do that well?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I am skilled at finding creative solutions. The job suits me. I have smoked a pipe since I was 14 and devoured detective novels. I actually studied literature and had time between my bachelor’s and master’s degree. I saw a trainee offer at a detective agency. Nothing came of it. Inspired by the advertisement, I researched how to become a detective. In Germany, you only need a certificate of good conduct. Later, I attended the Security Academy in Berlin and completed a six-month IHK training — and then went freelance.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Apparently successfully.”

From Sherlock Holmes to Shooting Practice in the Apartment

Patrick Kurtz: “In Germany, the detective profession is a one-person business. I employ six staff members and work with subcontractors.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “So you don’t just have a loyal Watson at your side?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I have many.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Sherlock Holmes is your role model. What fascinates you?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Holmes is a realistically drawn fictional character. Even the Victorians believed he was real. When Doyle killed him in The Final Problem in 1893, London mourned. The genius lies in the idea that he can solve every crime — a mental Superman. Absurdly, he does not know whether the Earth revolves around the Sun or vice versa.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Holmes’ main weapon is logic. Yours too?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Rarely, as most cases do not involve puzzles.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “And emotions? Holmes is not known for empathy…”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I cannot just yell at people. Even when delivering bad news, I must not tear my hair out with joy over solving a case. Unlike the novels, that would not earn recognition — only a middle finger and a bad Google review.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “So you are not eccentric at all?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Well, in my old apartment I did once shoot at my wall with a pistol — like Sherlock. Of course, not with live ammunition (laughs).”

 

Offenbach-Post: “Excuse me?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “It just happened. I wanted to practice shooting. Outside is prohibited, so I did it indoors. But to reassure you, I do not take drugs.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “If you are skilled with firearms, it can get dangerous?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Sometimes people threaten us afterward. Once, colleagues were genuinely terrified. They were hired by a Kurdish family to locate their adult daughter. After finding her, they had to ask if they could share her address. She began to cry and admitted she was afraid of her family because she was in a relationship with a non-Muslim German. The colleagues followed their moral compass and did not reveal it. Suddenly, a group of people formed a circle around them and threatened them. Fortunately, it ended without serious harm.”

Sherlock Holmes; Detective Offenbach, Private Detective Offenbach am Main

Patrick Kurtz’ Favourite Holmes

Offenbach-Post: “If you could choose a Holmes from an adaptation as your boss, which one would it be?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Oh dear. I do not like to submit and would not give in easily like Watson. Trouble would be inevitable.”

 

Offenbach-Post: “But your favourite Holmes — you can reveal that?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Certainly. First, Jeremy Brett from the 1980s Granada series. Second, Benedict Cumberbatch from the BBC series airing on ARD over Pentecost. Brett portrayed Holmes as closely as possible to Doyle’s original stories — a thinker and speaker. Doyle’s Holmes is an eccentric in the original. Cumberbatch turned him into a sociopath. He reinvented the character.”

Note

Some quotes may not be original statements from Patrick Kurtz. In particular, he did not claim that Kurtz Detective Agency previously used GPS trackers; he said that their use was common in the industry.

 

The original article from the Offenbach-Post was published at:

https://www.op-online.de/region/frankfurt/suche-nach-wahrheit-frankfurter-detektiv-patrick-kurtz-8369021.html.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

09

Jun

2017

Recurring Vandalism in and around the Apartment Building

Piles of rubbish in the front garden, disposal of environmentally harmful liquids in the main garden, tampering with the central heating system, scratched windows in the stairwell, graffiti on apartment doors – over the past few months, the client’s property in Frankfurt am Main resembled a drug den. Yet ordinary, law-abiding citizens lived there: singles, single parents, families with children. Each rented apartment housed at least one employed resident. The current conditions were unbearable, and even long-term tenants threatened to terminate their leases. Our client could only seriously suspect one tenant party regarding the identity of the culprits: a middle-aged couple who had only recently moved in, and whose arrival coincided with the onset of repeated property damage. Not only did the timing point to these two as the main suspects, but their social behaviour in the neighbourhood had also been repeatedly criticised by neighbours, described as antisocial and, on one occasion, even “ape-like.”

 

To gather legally admissible evidence against the two suspects, the property owner commissioned Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt am Main (+49 69 1201 8431) to conduct a personal investigation into the individuals’ previous addresses and activities.

Interview: An Elderly Couple Lets Slip Some Secrets

In the preliminary investigation, the pair’s residential addresses from recent years and any prior criminal records were to be determined. Both the number of moves and the reports filed against them showed an unusual accumulation for a middle-aged couple: three addresses in a few years (two in Frankfurt, one in Kassel) and various reports of property damage, none of which had resulted in criminal proceedings. After this preliminary research, the obtained addresses were to be visited to interview landlords and neighbours.

 

At the first and oldest address, our private detective in Frankfurt am Main encountered an elderly couple unloading a car. Both waved off the inquiry laughingly: the investigator was not the first to ask about “the young people.” They were relieved not to have the couple as neighbours anymore. The landlord had constantly had to take legal action against the suspects; residents, without any dispute, had often had raw eggs thrown at their windows and balconies. Although it was never possible to catch the couple in the act, these and other offensive actions, such as open insults, had started precisely when they moved in and stopped when they left. No one else was plausible as a culprit, as the other residents were long-term tenants and decent people. The detective thanked the couple and obtained the landlord’s contact details. He confirmed by phone that he had experienced the same problems with the “rental nomads” as the current client of our private detective agency in Frankfurt/Main. He willingly provided all court documents from his cases against the suspects.

Deliberate Property Damage – Tendency Toward Outbursts

At the second address to be checked – in Kassel – the single-family terraced house could not be visited as the current tenants were unavailable. However, one neighbour provided information: the house had previously belonged to a couple and was later inherited by their children. Since then, it had changed owners at least three times, but the neighbour could not recall the current occupants nor the target individuals. The detective was advised to contact another former neighbour, who immediately hung up when called, assuming the investigator wanted to sell her something. She did not answer further calls, clearly of an older generation.

 

At the third address, another single-family house, our corporate detective in Frankfurt am Main again met no one, though he could at least speak with a young man from the neighbouring house. The terraced house had even belonged to the “chaos couple.” When they sold it, they apparently did not achieve their desired price, prompting them to pull out various electrical cables and render the house uninhabitable until repairs could be made.

Destroyed Apartment; Detective Agency Frankfurt am Main, Detective Frankfurt am Main, Private Detective Frankfurt Main, Detective Office in Frankfurt

Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for rental nomads to leave a miserable chaos behind deliberately.

Further Covert Measures Against the Rental Nomads

Through the investigations, our Frankfurt corporate detective agency was able to gather various indications and witnesses regarding the regularity of the devastation and other misconduct by the chaos couple. Additionally, two further measures were taken, which cannot be described here due to ongoing proceedings. There is little doubt that the perpetrators will be legally convicted, but whether our client will ever receive financial compensation from such antisocial individuals remains highly uncertain.

To maintain discretion and protect the personal rights of clients and targets, all names and locations in this case report have been altered beyond recognition.

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

29

Mai

2017

Unabridged Interview Version

Recently, agency head Patrick Kurtz gave an interview to Yannic Hertel from the local magazine Merkurist, which started in Mainz in 2015 and is now also represented in Frankfurt am Main and Wiesbaden. The published version is a double interview with colleague Christian Thome from the Thome Detective Agency; the statements of both detectives were shortened for readability. Below is the full interview with Patrick Kurtz:

How is your client base composed? More the worried husband or the managing director who does not trust his employees?

Both. Internally, we differentiate between the fields of corporate investigations and private investigations. I estimate that we have roughly sixty per cent private clients and forty per cent business clients. Due to the greater financial strength of companies, the field of corporate investigations nevertheless generates higher revenues.

How much does a private investigator cost in Frankfurt?

Our hourly rate per investigator deployed is fifty-nine euros, in addition we charge a one-off basic assignment fee of eighty euros and a mileage rate of zero point seven nine euros. For private individuals, all these sums are to be understood as inclusive of VAT, whereas for companies they are net rates.

 

Important: At Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt no special surcharges are levied and no further costs are hidden in the small print. Many competitors, however, work with night, weekend and public holiday surcharges, flat-rate expense charges, additional fees for vehicle wear or even special fees for postal invoice dispatch. I have seen the latter at amounts of up to one hundred and twenty euros – an absurd fraud against the client.

What makes Frankfurt particularly interesting for detectives?

Frankfurt, as the most important Central European and possibly soon even pan-European financial centre, is an extraordinarily strategic location for companies from various sectors. This enormous economic strength, combined with the relatively high population in the metropolitan region and Frankfurt’s rapid population growth, results in a high potential for detective assignments. Information is a crisis-proof asset for which there is always demand.

Which types of cases occur particularly frequently in Frankfurt?

We have not yet compiled statistics on this, but have planned to do so for twenty seventeen. My feeling is that fraud ranks very high on the list: financial fraud, employee fraud and of course fraud in the sense of infidelity in relationships. A conspicuously large number of cases take place in Frankfurt’s drug and prostitution milieu. The demands on the personal safety of the detectives deployed are therefore very specific.

What does a typical day in the life of a detective in Frankfurt look like?

The nice thing about our profession is that every day is different. We do not come into the office, sit down at a desk and work through a list. Every case is individual.

 

Sometimes the job is boring, especially when you have to sit in a car for hours on end during an observation without anything happening. The pitfall: it is precisely these observations that are particularly demanding, because the less happens, the more difficult it becomes to keep concentration consistently high. A similar discussion exists regarding football goalkeepers like Manuel Neuer, who often have nothing coming at their goal for eighty-five minutes, but then suddenly have to be wide awake. Only that for us the eighty-five minutes can quickly become fifteen hours or more.

 

On other days there is real “action”: target persons who are on the move a lot, possibly changing modes of transport several times or weaving while driving, are not always easy to follow, but generally provide the deployed investigators with real enjoyment, as the observer is mentally and sometimes physically very challenged in such scenarios.

 

It is similar with research work: it can be frustrating when you search and search and still find nothing. On the other hand, even the smallest new piece of information can trigger a chain reaction, and suddenly the researcher makes one exciting discovery after another.

Modern Sherlock Holmes; Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt, Detective Frankfurt/Main, Detective Agency from Frankfurt, Private Investigator in Frankfurt

“Sherlock Holmes of Frankfurt” is the original title of the interview in the Merkurist. The pipe has remained – at least with Patrick Kurtz – but otherwise the detective profession has changed considerably since the nineteenth century.

There are quite a few detective agencies in Frankfurt. Does the market cannibalise itself here, or is demand simply that high?

Competition is strong and the market is tough – no doubt. As in most other sectors, the big fish eat the small ones and monopolise the market. Whoever holds the monopoly can firstly dictate prices to the client and secondly dictate wages to the detectives deployed. As most investigators in Germany mainly work as subcontractors for larger detective agencies, the question of what actually reaches the observer on the street is a serious problem.

 

On the other hand, the sector is still small enough that almost everyone knows everyone else, at least via two or three degrees. As a result, smaller detective agencies that are internally known for doing good work regularly receive subcontracting assignments and can stay afloat in this way without having many direct clients.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

06

Sep

2016

Insights of the Sherlockians and Their Significance for the Interpretation of the Proto-Detective

In the first part of our contribution about the Sherlockians and the Game, we already reported on their historical beginnings and the current spread of the international Holmes societies, which is why the present article will deal with the precise way of playing and with the insights gained from the eternal search for the person of Sherlock Holmes; moreover, we from Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt am Main will subsequently address the present situation of the Sherlock societies. In order to illustrate how the Sherlockians proceed in their research into the forefather of our detectives from Frankfurt, examples shall be given here and in a further article that will show that the Game is not a profane summary of obvious facts from the Canon, but a painstaking analysis of every statement of Watson or Holmes, however unimportant and incidental it may appear.

 

Christopher Morley, for example, the founder of the first American Sherlock club, sets the birthday of the London master detective on 6 January 1854, which is of course not an arbitrarily chosen date but was researched in loving detail according to the composition and interpretation of the literary clues: In the stories themselves, Holmes creator Arthur Conan Doyle does not state a date, but in the short story His Last Bow, which takes place in 1914, the master detective is described as sixty years old – the years 1853/54 were thus identified as possible birth years. Morley identified the exact day with eagle-eyed precision: In the canonical Holmes works from Doyle’s hand, Shakespeare’s comedy Twelfth Night is mentioned twice; the titular “twelfth night” refers to the twelfth day after Christmas, that is, 6 January. According to Morley, another indication in favour of this day is the fact that at the beginning of the final novel The Valley of Fear, on 7 January, Holmes is grumpy and ill-tempered, which Morley interprets as the result of a hangover after the preceding birthday celebrations (cf. Fleischhack 248). Admittedly, a rather vague interpretation, but it prevailed, and so this date has since been largely recognised among Sherlockians as the birthday of Sherlock Holmes, a role model not only for our private investigators from Frankfurt/Main.

Viral Marketing and the Sherlockians in the Internet Age

Owing to global networking in the 21st century, the insights and reinterpretations concerning the master detective Sherlock Holmes can be shared far more easily than in the 1930s, 40s and 50s – the early days of the Game. Instead of long waiting times of up to six months between the publication dates of the Sherlock magazines, for example, the Sherlock Holmes Society of London now sends out a monthly newsletter as a PDF to all subscribers (cf. Fleischhack 251). Many individual articles from the journals are freely accessible online, and the groups can exchange views in forums and group chats without relying on difficult-to-organise national or continental meetings. However, many modern clubs now also refer – frowned upon by traditional Holmes societies – to various adaptations. Adaptations that can fundamentally alter or even distort the original literary image of the pioneer of our corporate investigators from Frankfurt a. M. in the public perception and perhaps even already have.

 

After several episodes of the BBC series Sherlock, particularly popular among young viewers, starring the congenial duo of Benedict Cumberbatch as the London sleuth and Martin Freeman as Dr Watson, had been broadcast, dozens of new groups emerged that discussed the progress of the series and its heroes, compared quotes from series and books and analysed content and structure. In addition, through planned viral marketing on the one hand and through strong self-dynamics within the fan efforts on the other hand, a completely new variant of the then already century-old Great Game, as the Game is also called, developed. Networking, the hype surrounding the series and its broadcast in sixteen countries in their respective national languages brought the franchise enormous popularity without major marketing expenditure: When, for example, the British Prime Minister David Cameron paid an official visit to the People’s Republic of China, members of the public were allowed to ask him questions, and the most frequently asked question was the following: Could he, the British Prime Minister, ensure that the Sherlock series would be broadcast in China (Fleischhack 253)? The desire to engage in detective activity in the manner of Sherlock himself and of course also of our private detectives in Frankfurt is therefore no longer a purely Western phenomenon – Sherlock Holmes is travelling the world as if he had only just been invented.

Fiction Penetrates and Influences Real Life: The “I Believe in Sherlock” Campaign

Just as after the literary death of Sherlock at the Swiss Reichenbach Falls (published 1893), viewers of the BBC series in 2012 reacted shocked and distraught after Holmes’ supposedly fatal fall from St Bartholomew’s Hospital in London. However, in the series Sherlock Holmes was not only apparently killed, but his arch-enemy Moriarty also did everything in his power to destroy the good reputation of the private detective; both the police and the public turned against the previously celebrated and infallible Sherlock Holmes. To demonstrate their solidarity with this icon of detective fiction and to take his side publicly, a worldwide fan movement emerged shortly after the broadcast of the final episode of season 2, aiming to restore the good name of their favourite. Under the slogan “I believe in Sherlock Holmes”, fans from all over the world sided with the Londoner and positioned themselves publicly against Moriarty’s accusations.

 

All over the world, in capitals of countries on all continents, on residential buildings, public squares and public buildings, banners and posters were hung, flyers distributed and demonstrations and flash mobs organised in honour of the eccentric detective. One well-known example is the Tumblr photo blog by “Earl Foolish” – a pseudonym – which has collected 138 posts with information and photos on the movement to this day. At the same time, not only was a literary and therefore fictional hero celebrated, but money was also raised for a good cause and attention generated: The Undershaw Preservation Trust is dedicated to the restoration and preservation of Undershaw, a house designed and inhabited by Holmes’ creator Arthur Conan Doyle and until recently threatened by decay. It becomes clear, not least here, how narrow the boundary between reality and fiction is in the Sherlockian Game, which our corporate detectives in Frankfurt have also taken a liking to.

Sherlock Holmes Museum of London, Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Private Investigator Frankfurt/Main, Private Detective Agency in Frankfurt, Private Investigator Frankfurt

The extent of modern interest in the proto-detective Sherlock Holmes is also evident in exhibitions such as the one at the Museum of London (2014), for which this unusual poster was created.

The Sherlockian Game – A Self-Perpetuating Phenomenon Through the Decades

Perhaps the most impressive aspect of the campaign described above is that no clever advertising agency, film studio or series writing team was behind it, but that the impulses for viral Sherlock actions always originated from within the fan community, thereby constituting the best and most honest promotion for the subsequent seasons of the series. Podcasts, YouTube videos and channels, blogs, Tumblrs and lovingly designed websites about the detective of detectives also help keep the London forefather of our detectives in Frankfurt am Main and his legacy alive. Furthermore, the celebrity hype surrounding Martin Freeman, who not only captivated audiences as Dr Watson but also as Bilbo Baggins in The Hobbit, and particularly around series Holmes Benedict Cumberbatch, whose female fans call themselves “Cumberbitches” in a self-mocking manner, ensures that an ever-growing number of younger generations take part in new, no longer strictly scholarly forms of the Game in order to move closer to the ultimate goal of the Sherlockians: to grasp and understand Sherlock Holmes and perhaps one day to be able to be like him.

Bibliography

Author: Maya Grünschloß, PhD

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

28

Jun

2016

Luxury? Yes, But Cheap Please!

Expensive, showy possessions, lifestyles, accessories and status symbols have been valued since the dawn of civilisation: think of the extravagant Roman feasts in ornamented palaces or the treasure-filled pyramids and pharaonic tombs of ancient Egypt. Today the secular side of this status is represented by everyday luxury such as designer clothing, high-end watches and so on, but also by luxurious homes, expensive cars and costly short breaks in the south. All of these form part of the modern consumer who wishes to demonstrate that ownership has always been and remains an enviable life goal. The problem with this striving for (luxury) possessions are the high acquisition costs: examples include a price of €5,000 for a designer handbag from a famous Paris-based fashion house or sports cars costing as much as a family home, which put such luxury beyond the reach of many.

 

Clever fraudsters and counterfeiters have therefore for decades exploited this problem in the luxury and branded-goods sectors by offering cheaply manufactured but sometimes deceptively convincing knock-offs of popular brand products at rock-bottom prices, mostly produced in East and Southeast Asia. Whether it is a Chanel bag, a gold Rolex or an Omega wristwatch, luxury car accessories, beauty products of well-known cosmetic manufacturers, football shirts from the Premier League, the Bundesliga, the Primera División or other top leagues, fashionable Nike trainers and much more — counterfeiters cater to less well-off consumers who would like to own the products shown in the media but cannot afford them at official prices and therefore accept imitations. The reasons why police, customs and corporate investigators such as those at Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt pursue the manufacturers of such fakes are manifold and will be touched on in the following text.

Frankfurt am Main Is THE Hub for Counterfeit Goods – Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt Investigates

Our brand detectives from Frankfurt/Main encounter the boldest of fakes, which gullible buyers are sometimes sold for huge sums despite having an actual market value of only a few euros; purchasers nevertheless perceive them as bargains for, say, “genuine” Louboutin high heels. The often bitter and disappointing realisation about an item’s true value and authenticity after a brand verification carried out by the specialists of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt a. M. is therefore common. In the Hessian financial metropolis, however, authenticity checks by our corporate investigators at Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt/Main are particularly frequent and important:

 

“Mainhattan” is annually listed in the Mercer study as the second most expensive city in Germany (behind Munich) and among the 100 most expensive cities in the world; anyone living here who does not wish to be outshone by the “high society” must earn well and project an expensive lifestyle outwardly in order to belong. Status symbols are thus taken for granted in the German stock-market city. With Germany’s largest airport (and, after London Heathrow and Paris Charles-de-Gaulle, the third largest in Europe), smugglers and counterfeiters have a huge opportunity to transport fakes into Germany and to import counterfeit goods unobtrusively among the 61 million air passengers recorded in 2015 alone. Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt/Main works closely with customs investigators and the police where necessary (example), in order to uncover fraudsters on arrival, expose counterfeit branded goods and thus save the state — and consumers — significant costs, but above all to support the contracting, damaged brand company in its fight against ever bolder counterfeits and the losses associated with them. In 2013 alone, authorities secured 3.9 million counterfeit items with an estimated value of €134 million.

Private Detectives from Frankfurt am Main Help Verify Your Goods — Uncertainties Removed

What many do not know is that not only the counterfeiters and sellers of fake goods can be prosecuted; the buyer may also be criminally liable, because by purchasing the item — for example while on holiday in Turkey or Tunisia — and subsequently importing it into Germany they support the idea-theft of the brand pirates. Individual items may be tolerated by customs to a limited extent, but once there is suspicion of commercial trade in counterfeit goods, no leniency is shown. If you are unsure whether you have bought a genuine branded product or merely a cheaply produced — albeit perhaps expensively paid for — imitation, the product-piracy specialists at Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt/Main will at any time help you examine the authenticity of your product(s) and, where relevant, hold the seller to account: +49 69 1201 8431. Not infrequently, with the help of our detectives the goods can be returned, the purchase price recovered and the responsible vendor prosecuted.

 

Often it is only small-time dealers who are caught, while the actual manufacturers and counterfeiters remain unknown and at large, thereby continuing to damage worldwide-famous brands and deprive them of income. To uncover the masterminds and structures behind organised product piracy, concerted and long-term investigations are necessary, for which a suitable budget to cover detective fees must be made available.

Fake Sign in Germany; Detective Frankfurt Main, Private Detective Frankfurt am Main, Detective Agency Frankfurt

Brand and product counterfeiting in Germany? Not if customs, police and Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt am Main have anything to say about it.

Intellectual Property — A Worthy Asset to Protect

Not least because of the upcoming World Intellectual Property Day on 26 April, one should recall the damage caused even by the purchase of a few counterfeit holiday souvenirs: although the dark figure of such purchases is almost certainly far higher, experts estimate that the annual damage in the machinery and plant engineering sector alone amounts to €8 billion; moreover, the Handelsblatt speaks of 77 million jobs in Europe potentially at risk in industries affected by counterfeiting. For these reasons the police and customs as well as the detectives and brand specialists of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt a. M. urge citizens to involve them in cases of dubious alleged brand purchases so that the authenticity of goods can be checked and perpetrators brought to justice. Also to be considered is the danger to human life posed by fake vehicle parts or potentially poisonous medicines and cosmetics, which should give anyone thinking of buying a counterfeit pause for thought.

 

According to the Handelsblatt, 36 per cent of adults and even around 60 per cent of young people are prepared to buy counterfeit goods in order to save money compared with the retail price of the original producers. Of course, not all purchases of counterfeit products are made knowingly, which is why education must be provided on all sides and each individual bears responsibility both to the economy and to themselves. By involving customs or our brand detectives in Frankfurt am Main, definitive certainty can be obtained and a fair market ensured. If you harbour doubts about the authenticity of your products, contact our corporate investigators for free advice on deployment and options: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de. Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt/Main advocates fully for your interests.

Author: Maya Grünschloß, PhD

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

18

Apr

2016

StGB § 170 Violation of Maintenance Obligation

(1) Whoever evades a statutory maintenance obligation, thereby endangering the livelihood of the entitled person or would endanger it without the help of others, shall be punished with imprisonment of up to three years or a fine.

Balanced Victim Statistics: Mothers and Fathers Equally Struggle with Child Support and Custody

The above and other legal provisions theoretically protect many parents and their children from poverty and from ex-partners who, after a pregnancy or a failed relationship, wish to quietly disappear from the life of the child they have fathered or mothered, thus potentially depriving both mother and child of the right to a dignified life. In practice, however, this law often provides little help to affected mothers when they lack the necessary evidence to substantiate their claims, or when a father violates the law by relocating anonymously to evade his obligations.

 

The other side of the coin is equally unpleasant: Even though measures to protect fathers’ rights have been enforced in recent years, mothers still enjoy numerous privileges denied to their male counterparts. What can a father do, for example, who suspects that his former partner and the child’s mother continues to claim child support payments, even though she is in a new marital-like relationship generating sufficient income to support the child and provide all legally mandated comforts? Ultimately, the situation is suboptimal for both parties, especially when it comes to obtaining court-admissible proof of circumstances already clear to oneself.

 

The IHK-certified private and corporate detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt regularly encounter witnesses to both irresponsible fathers who attempt to completely evade maintenance obligations and audacious fraud attempts by abandoned women who – whether out of revenge, greed, or lack of legal awareness – try to ensure that their ex-partners maintain a comfortable lifestyle for them by continuing to pay separation or post-marital maintenance despite having their own income or remarriage. While the BGB clearly stipulates under §§ 1570–1573 that maintenance payments should at least be reduced when the supported partner is employed, women and men alike sometimes believe they can defraud their former partners. Our private detectives in Frankfurt assist victims – regardless of side or gender – in obtaining court-admissible proof of such child support fraud: +49 69 1201 8431.

Case Example: Refusal to Deliver a Child | Violation of Court-Ordered Custody Agreement

Ralf Messel and Silke Eppstein separated only a few months after the birth of their daughter Jana and were awarded joint custody by the court, with the agreement that the child should live with her mother Silke during the week. Ralf and Silke were both only eighteen when their daughter was born, so Silke left school and Ralf began training as a roofer in order to provide financially for the child. Although disputes between the parents recurred, the shared custody arrangement worked relatively smoothly until Jana started school; Ralf paid his maintenance to Silke, who was unemployed and cared for the daughter and a subsequently born baby of another father, while he visited his daughter regularly and was allowed to take her home on two weekends a month for outings and to participate in her upbringing. A seemingly intact world, which, as the detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt repeatedly observe, can quickly turn for the worse.

 

All of this changed abruptly when father Ralf found a new girlfriend who often accompanied him on weekend walks and zoo visits with little Jana. Jana began to report at home with increasing enthusiasm about her father, his new girlfriend Marie Neuberg and their outings — until mother Silke eventually refused to hand little Jana over to Ralf on the agreed weekends. Ralf insisted on his right to see Jana at weekends, but Silke remained unmoved even when the involvement of the police was threatened, always claiming Jana was ill, not feeling well or already visiting a friend. As mother Silke had by then acquired a steady partner and shortly afterwards a husband, whom Ralf later alleged to our detectives in Frankfurt was intended to present a picture of a perfect family, she apparently could not bear the thought that her daughter might spend happier days with her father and his girlfriend than with her own small family.

Happy Couple with a Jealous Ex-Partner; Private Detective Frankfurt, Detective Agency Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt am Main, Private Investigator Frankfurt

The mother was evidently jealous of the father’s new relationship and of her daughter’s happy time with the “second mother”, and therefore unlawfully breached the existing custody agreement.

Separated from the Child? Last Resort: Private Detectives

Apart from his desperation over the refusal to hand over his daughter, Ralf soon suspected he was being taken advantage of by Silke. His parents and friends reported that “little Eppstein” allegedly earned extra money in the local neighbourhood by cutting and colouring hair, supplementing her child maintenance and Hartz IV benefits. As noted, mother Silke had meanwhile married her new partner; he was a trained car mechanic and was likewise notorious for “tuning” the cars of rowdy youths by adventurous means and putting money aside in that way.

 

When the small family later managed to afford an all-inclusive holiday in Italy after Silke had allowed court dates and hearings to lapse for months citing alleged illness for herself or the children, Ralf turned in his desperation to the private detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt. The investigators were tasked with researching whether Silke and her new husband were earning sufficient undeclared income to support themselves. Ralf naturally wished to continue providing for Jana and even sought sole custody in view of the suspected criminal behaviour of Silke and her husband.

Surveillance on Suspicion of Undeclared Work (Illegal Employment)

After our Frankfurt private detectives observed the suspect family for several days, they brought Ralf astounding news: according to a close friend, not only was Silke earning an estimated “more than €600” a month in undeclared cash from her hairdressing activity and thereby wrongfully pocketing a large portion of her Hartz IV benefits, but her husband had also, in order to continue receiving unemployment benefits, secretly taken a mechanic’s job at a nearby garage. The detectives were able to observe both fraudsters en route to their workplaces and on site and to document the activities photographically, thereby providing Ralf with the basis to file criminal charges against his ex-partner for multiple fraud offences.

 

Father Ralf acted deliberately and did not pursue criminal prosecution of the mother; instead he reached a deal with her: the existing custody arrangement was reversed on the condition that Ralf would not use the evidence gathered by our detectives against Silke. Consequently little Jana lived with her father from then on and saw her mother every other weekend — a circumstance that benefited her somewhat faltering development, because — as was later revealed — mother Silke had spent little time with the child, frequently left her in front of the television and often failed to take her to kindergarten and later to school.

Investigations in Custody and Maintenance Matters by the Private Detectives of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt

Cases as successful as Ralf Messel’s are rare; however, the chances of a fair trial are dramatically increased when court-admissible evidence is available. The competent team at Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt is ready to assist you in such situations: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de.

 

Although an initial report to the police can be helpful depending on the circumstances, especially when a parent unlawfully prevents the other parent’s contact with the child, the police and the courts are powerless without hard evidence against the allegedly unlawful parent. It is therefore advisable to obtain free advice from our Frankfurt private detectives about how to proceed in your specific case and which measures should be taken. No parent should be unlawfully disadvantaged in matters of contact with their children or financially; whether it is a mother who fights every day for the maintenance to which she is entitled or a father who, sacrificing his entire labour, supports an ex-wife while she enjoys a comfortable life at his expense.

To preserve discretion and protect the personal rights of clients and targets, all names and places in this case report have been altered beyond recognition.

 

Author: Maya Grünschloß, PhD

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

22

Feb

2016

Parity Health Insurance? – For Employers (Still) A Misfire

With the now almost annual increases in health insurance contributions, it is not only the insured who are rightfully annoyed, but, as few know, possibly soon also the employers. Within the ranks of the SPD there have long been increasing calls that health insurance contributions should no longer be borne solely by employees but should be paid on a parity basis by employers as well. For the insured this is fundamentally an improvement of the current situation, because next year they must alone bear an increase of up to 0.6 percentage points of their contribution, measured against their income. For employers, however, a parity contribution would mean a double burden that has so far been avoided.

 

The problem is not the splitting of employees’ health insurance contributions as such, but the fact that employers already have to bear high pecuniary burdens: during the first six weeks of continued payment of wages for sick employees they bear the contributions entirely themselves without any participation by the health insurers or by the sick employees (with the exception of companies covered by U1). From experience, not only many employers but also the detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt can attest that not all medical certificates of incapacity for work are lawfully obtained.

Continued Payment of Wages in Case of Illness: Costs of €51 Billion a Year for Employers

The statutory — to say nothing of the public — health insurers stubbornly refuse to come to employers’ aid by contributing to the costs arising from continued payment of wages earlier than after six weeks, even though, as Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt can confirm on the basis of many observations, a not insignificant share of these ongoing costs is likely paid to employees who are malingering. According to the dpa, these costs amount to €51 billion per year that employers must shoulder alone.

 

These €51 billion are paid to employees who, due to their sick note, do not provide any counter-performance (and therefore cannot). This results not only in losses for the affected employers but for the entire German economy and its capital to the tune of billions. Consequently Eric Schweitzer, President of the Association of German Chambers of Commerce and Industry (DIHK), told the Rheinische Post: “If politicians want to reintroduce parity financing and increase the employer contribution, we must also discuss parity financing of continued wage payments.” He further stated that this sum corresponds to a multiple of what employees have to pay in additional contributions to their health insurance.

Despite Being Signed Off Sick: Employees Take on Secondary Jobs

A not insignificant part of the €51 billion paid out for sick leave is unjustifiably claimed: while truly ill employees have a natural claim to continued pay, more and more cases arise that are, in fact, wage-continuation fraud by employees on sick leave. Employees go on what is thus a paid holiday during their sick leave or take up an undeclared secondary job in order to be paid twice.

 

To get to grips with this growing problem, it makes sense to engage the private and corporate detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, who can detect wage-continuation fraud by means of various methods and substantiate it in a court-admissible manner. These methods employed by our Frankfurt private detectives include, on the one hand, location-independent social-media research — checking and cross-referencing sick-note data with posts, photos and comments that indicate fraudulent sick leave. On the other hand, the detectives of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurtoperate primarily on site, conducting surveillance of the suspect employee at their residence or at the suspected second job and documenting their activities photographically.

Man on Crutches with Sick Note; Employee Checks Frankfurt | Surveillance | Detective Agency Frankfurt | Corporate Investigation Agency Frankfurt

Most medical certificates of incapacity are certainly justified, yet a physician can rarely say with certainty whether a patient is malingering. Consequently, countless malingerers receive certificates of incapacity every day.

Brazen Confidence? Not If You Know How to Help Yourself.

No matter how much you trust your staff, there are always bad apples. Thus it can happen that a long-serving, diligent secretary is unmasked as a malingerer by a holiday photo posted on Facebook during her certified sick leave; likewise, after repeated sick notes and an initial suspicion, an employee who is persistently conspicuous in a negative sense may be observed by the private and corporate detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt and photographed attending the gym at supposedly restorative weekends, pumping iron and, to top it all off, participating in bodybuilding competitions during two or three periods of sick leave each year. The damage resulting from such fraudulent actions runs, as mentioned, into double-digit billions, which clearly shows how much more money could be invested in development, research or the expansion of the German economy if such offences could be curbed.

When May Detectives Investigate? The Initial Suspicion.

If an employee is signed off sick several times a month and appears surprisingly well-rested after the weekend, how should one react? Before commissioning a corporate investigation agency such as Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt, a justified initial suspicion must exist, because our detectives must be able to present a court-resistant ground for suspicion in order to document wage-continuation fraud for use in court. Of course employees have a protected private sphere, which is only insufficiently protected against surveillance if there is a concrete suspicion. If the employee always gives the same reason for their sick note or, at the other extreme, constantly different and very specific reasons (and these are perhaps always certified by the same GP who is a friend of the employee), our Frankfurt detectives may be engaged.

 

In the best case for the company and the employee the suspicion proves unfounded and the once-suspected staff member is cleared; in the economically perhaps most favourable — because detective costs are recoverable — but humanly disappointing case, actual wage-continuation fraud is uncovered, documented and passed on to the employer, which may lead to a warning or, in the more likely event of an obvious breach of trust and economic harm to the company, to dismissal of the employee. If you have questions or uncertainties about which grounds for suspicion are justified or about other issues related to commissioning the corporate investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, our investigators are always available to assist you: +49 69 1201 8431.

Author: Maya Grünschloß, PhD

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

30

Dez

2015

For the format “M19 – the long interview” on the radio station Mephisto 97.6, Patrick Kurtz, owner of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt, spoke for an hour with editor-in-chief Paula Drope about the detective profession. In the fourth part, the focus is on fictional role models for our Frankfurt private detectives. You can find the third part about observations by detectives here.

Cliché: Do Detectives Have Arch-Enemies?

Paula Drope: “I cannot get around it, I still have to ask a cliché question about detectives.”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Yes, gladly.”

 

Paula Drope: “Do you have an arch-enemy, straight out of a book?”

 

Patrick Kurtz (laughs): “No. Not that I know of, at least.”

 

Paula Drope: “You would normally know if you had an arch-enemy.”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Not necessarily. Perhaps one is someone’s arch-enemy without knowing it and without that other person being one’s own arch-enemy. That seems more likely to me.”

 

Paula Drope (laughs): “That brings us to your second music request. It is the song Madman by Peter Cornell. Why did you choose this track?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Peter Cornell is the brother of Chris Cornell. Chris Cornell is one of my favourite musicians of all time. I find all the projects he ever started excellent, apart from one album that he unfortunately produced with Timbaland. Through Chris Cornell I discovered Peter Cornell, who has now released his first solo album. I believe that was last year, initially only as an MP3 download. He is still completely unknown. It is great that he was able to realise it at all. Because he is so unknown and because I still think his music is great, I would like to have it played here.”

 

Paula Drope: “Madman by Peter Cornell.”

Detective Stereotypes | Keyword: Sherlock Holmes

Paula Drope: “Welcome back to M19, the long interview on Mephisto 97.6. My guest, the detective Patrick Kurtz, and I have been talking the whole time about life as a private detective in Frankfurt. Now we have to come to role models, and who could be a greater role model than Sherlock Holmes and, ultimately, his many successors in novels? Do you have such a role model for the detective profession? Is Sherlock Holmes the role model?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “He is definitely my favourite fictional detective. I have a whole lot of memorabilia in the office, complete editions in English and German, a pipe stand with a Sherlock Holmes emblem, pictures, of course DVDs and Blu-rays, CDs, audio CDs, all sorts of things.”

 

Paula Drope: “If you look at these fictional characters, on the one hand there is this pipe-smoking detective wearing a trench coat in foggy London, and on the other the single, rough, whisky-drinking detective from the Bronx. You yourself smoke a pipe, you told us earlier, since you were 14. Do you perhaps have something in common with these stereotypes after all?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “With the American stereotypes of private detectives, rather less so. With the British ones, especially Sherlock Holmes, rather more, because I also spend a lot of time sitting in my armchair, smoking a pipe and enjoying a book. However, I play the guitar, not the violin [laughs]. There are some points of overlap, but they are not reflected all that strongly in the actual work, because Sherlock Holmes operates on genius-level deductions that are not necessary for us, as our cases are structured quite differently. We do not have to solve mysteries, but mostly deal with things that can be observed by our detectives in Frankfurt.”

 

Paula Drope: “Do you sometimes appear a bit eccentric to your staff in your detective office?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I cannot tell you that, you would have to ask them, or rather: you would have to ask them yourselves.”

Peterson Pipe Stand The Return of Sherlock Holmes; Detective Frankfurt, Detective Agency Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt, Corporate Investigation Frankfurt

Sherlock Holmes pipe stand by the company Peterson in the office of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt. Some of the clichés circulating about detectives do apply to our investigators at Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt and to many other colleagues as well.

Tips from Fiction for Everyday Professional Life as a Private Detective?

Paula Drope: “Which of these detective images is rather unrealistic?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Above all, the image of the detective as a lone fighter. That is simply hardly feasible today, because, as mentioned earlier, you need relationships with authorities and many other contacts, and of course with colleagues. Without them, it does not work.”

 

Paula Drope: “You have already said that you have Sherlock Holmes in all sorts of versions standing around in your office. I would assume you are a big fan?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Yes.”

 

Paula Drope: “Have you perhaps learned something from these books and maybe been able to apply things to your everyday work as a detective in Frankfurt?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “I think that as a teenager I was able to take a great deal from them, especially in terms of logical thinking and problem-solving. Probably more subconsciously. It is not the case that when I actually became a detective, I looked at Sherlock Holmes books and checked what I could adopt. I did try that to some extent with the Sherlock portrayal by Benedict Cumberbatch, but I reached my limits there [laughs]. I think you do pick up something subconsciously, but consciously I did not select anything specific.”

 

Paula Drope: “On the other hand, do you also like reading a Swedish crime novel now and then?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “So far, rather less. It is on my list, but I have not often managed to get around to it.”

 

Paula Drope: “But in general, you would still do so?”

 

Patrick Kurtz: “Yes, of course, when I have time. I do not have much time.”

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

20

Okt

2015

The Detective Through the Ages – Part 2

In Part 1 of our series “The Detective Through the Ages”, we focused on the “forefather” of all private detectives: Eugène François Vidocq. As brilliant and creative as he was in the field of criminalistics, his exceptional position in the history of private investigations was ultimately also due to the right timing in which he operated. A time that favoured the development of the profession of “detective” and from which, in the long term, today’s investigative services such as Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt emerged.

Professionalisation of Criminalistics | Bow Street Runners

Criminalistics began to professionalise more and more shortly before Vidocq’s time: an organised police force as we know it today practically did not exist around 1800, and the fight against crime was therefore usually only partially funded by public money and to a large extent privately organised. As early as the middle of the 18th century, semi-professional groups for gathering information and combating crime were formed – in other words, the very early relatives of today’s private detectives in Frankfurt. The “Bow Street Runners”, for example, were a kind of security unit founded as early as 1742 by the London magistrate Henry Fielding. Fielding was not only a senior official, but also a novelist and playwright – an early indication that detective work already seemed to be intertwined with the literary arts at a very early stage, long before Poe and Doyle.

 

Fielding’s Bow Street Runners achieved groundbreaking results in criminal investigative work: they brought structure to crime fighting and aimed at the systematic gathering of information, usually by operating within the “milieu”, in ordinary street clothes, and obtaining information in pubs or on the street with the help of their contacts. In this respect, they were in some ways the forerunners of today’s Frankfurt detectives, although, due to their official function, they were still far removed from the detective in the classical sense. The Bow Street Runners can therefore be understood more as precursors of the organised police, in this case Scotland Yard. They brought at least a certain degree of order to an increasingly confusing world, especially in what was then the largest metropolis in the world: London.

Population Boom and Urbanisation Fuel Crime – Historical Increase in Detective Fields of Activity

The demand for professional investigations by private detective agencies quickly became enormous – not only in England – due to social circumstances. The early 19th century was a time of major urbanisation and rural exodus. More and more people had to be fed, yet in the countryside the masses soon found themselves unable to do so as industrialisation progressed, and therefore moved to nearby small towns, hoping for better opportunities for work and thus money for food. Cities grew, and eventually the first large cities emerged, albeit hardly comparable to the situation today. Even Berlin had only just over 400,000 inhabitants around 1850 – fifty years earlier it had not even reached 200,000.

 

However, wherever people congregate and urban living situations arise, there is also – unfortunately, such is human nature – mistrust, deceit and fraud. Outside the village community, people often lose their sense of collective identity and feel unprotected. It is ultimately only within the “protection of the masses” that detective agencies such as Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt are able to conduct covert investigations at all. In a village with five houses, it is difficult to carry out detective work unnoticed, especially at a time when the world was not yet so interconnected and village communities were more or less self-contained. People also quickly realise that the threshold for deceit and fraud drops drastically in the anonymity of the city – mistrust arises. Dispelling or confirming this mistrust has been one of the core tasks of Kurtz Private Detective Agency Frankfurt to this day.

H. Worms steel engraving, 1845; Detective Agency Frankfurt, Detective Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt, Detective Office Frankfurt

Frankfurt’s skyline is largely a creation of the 20th and 21st centuries. Around 1845, the city still appeared almost rural, and detectives in Frankfurt did not yet exist. Hand-coloured steel engraving by H. Worms.

Emergence of the First Detective Agencies

That investigative offices such as Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt are an important point of contact for those seeking help was already recognised in Vidocq’s time by other enterprising contemporaries who took up the idea: if there was evidently a growing demand for investigative services, why not jump on the bandwagon directly? A certain degree of specialisation helped from the very beginning. Some detective agencies offered, quite plainly, a kind of private security service (with armed personnel), while others specialised more in commercial intelligence for businesspeople who did not want to operate blindly when potential new business partners were involved. Yet others remained in the private sphere: the unfaithful husband or the wife with obscure appointments are certainly not inventions of modern times – and even today these private investigations still account for a significant proportion of the work of our private detectives in Frankfurt.

 

Thus, visionary men increasingly distanced themselves from official investigative work in the service of the government and devoted themselves to what, after Vidocq, would become famous in the 1840s as classical detective work and reads much like the case portfolio of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt in the 2010s: deceit and fraud, infidelity, embezzlement and the solving of mysteries. Who these men were, and how they would become famous – more on that in Part 3.

Author: Gerrit Koehler

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

13

Okt

2015

Requirements for the Detective Profession

Detective agencies such as Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt are in Germany a trade pursuant to § 14 of the Trade Regulation Act (GewO); unfortunately, a special professional qualification is not required in this country. Only the registration of the trade and the personal suitability are necessary, which is evidenced, among other things, by a certificate of good conduct free of entries, but should also include professional qualifications such as the IHK certificate Fachkraft Detektiv or many years of experience in the service of investigative authorities.

 

Also, continuing professional education is not tied to statutory requirements; it is undertaken voluntarily by each individual detective, which is why the range of expertise in the industry varies widely.

 

The supervision of detective agencies by state institutions follows from § 35 GewO: the trade may be prohibited if facts demonstrate the unreliability of the detective.

Law Book on Table with Mobile Phone; Frankfurt Detective Agency, Detective Frankfurt, Private Detective Frankfurt, Detective Office Frankfurt

Legal Powers of Detectives

Various television programmes give the impression on a daily basis that detectives have special powers or even roam around armed — this is a fallacy. Detectives such as the private investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt and Hesse do not possess special rights, which are largely reserved for state authorities such as customs, the police or the public prosecutor’s office. No, the powers of detectives essentially derive from the so-called “everyman’s rights”. The following gives a plain-language explanation of these everyman’s rights. Fundamentally, there are powers relevant under criminal law and under civil law:

Relevant Powers of Detectives in the Sense of Criminal Law

§ 32 StGB (Criminal Code) Self-Defence
Self-defence is the defence that is necessary to avert a present unlawful attack on oneself or another.

 

§ 34 StGB Justifying Necessity
If one commits an act (for example the removal of a movable object belonging to another) in order thereby to avert a present danger that cannot otherwise be averted to life, limb, freedom, honour or property of oneself or others, one does not act unlawfully insofar as the act is an appropriate means to avert the danger.

Relevant Powers of Detectives in the Sense of Civil Law

Civil law likewise recognises self-defence and the so-called state of necessity. These are listed in § 227 et seq. of the Civil Code (BGB). Further provisions relevant for the private detectives and corporate investigators of Kurtz Investigations Frankfurt include:

 

§ 229 BGB Self-Help
Whoever takes, destroys or damages a thing for the purpose of self-help, or who for the purpose of self-help detains a person who is suspected of flight or removes the resistance of an obliged person against an act which the latter is obliged to tolerate, does not act unlawfully if official assistance cannot be obtained in time and without immediate intervention there is a danger that the enforcement of the claim would be frustrated or substantially impeded.

 

In addition, detectives — like any other citizen — are permitted to carry out a provisional detention pursuant to § 127 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO), provided the offender is caught in the act, an identification cannot be carried out or cannot be carried out otherwise and police assistance is not immediately available.

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

25

Apr

2015

Germany is well supplied with dentists, with only a few countries offering better coverage. Hesse in particular is more than adequately served, with around 83 dentists per 100,000 inhabitants. This naturally means that competition is fierce in the home region of the private investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt. This is something Dr Henning Wolf experiences time and again. He recently approached Kurtz Private Detective Agency Frankfurt to ask for assistance. Three years ago, the Frankfurt dentist opened a group practice in the Ostend district together with a former fellow student and has since been suffering from intense competitive pressure, particularly caused by aggressive discounting in the field of dental prosthetics, as Wolf explains.

 

“I have ongoing costs and loans to repay for my studies and the practice, so I simply cannot keep up.” He stresses that this is not about paying off a proverbial Porsche or buying a villa with a swimming pool: “The clichés of the wealthy dentist are, of course, widely known and often not entirely unfounded, but in reality there is fierce competition among dentists, just like in any other sector.” His aim is not to become rich quickly, but to remain competitive within the framework of fair and transparent competition. However, he increasingly has the feeling that honesty and fairness are sometimes lacking, and he wants to be certain. This is why Wolf decides to enlist the help of our private investigators in Frankfurt.

Dental practice; Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Detective in Frankfurt, Private Detective in Frankfurt, Private Detective Agency in Frankfurt am Main

One particular colleague has come under closer scrutiny. This dentist opened a practice in Frankfurt shortly after Dr Wolf, operating alone rather than in a group practice, yet already boasts a more than respectable patient base and apparently above-average economic success. Wolf himself has noticed the occasional patient drifting away. “Of course I’m jealous,” Wolf admits candidly to the detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, “and if he’s simply a brilliant dentist, then good luck to him – but I don’t want any dodgy dealings at the expense of colleagues and, above all, patients.” Ultimately, it was not mere envy that prompted him to contact our private investigators in Frankfurt, but tangible indications whose validity he wanted Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt to examine.

 

According to Wolf, online reviews and first-hand reports suggest that the colleague in question has few outstanding qualities to justify such immense success. His manual skills do not appear to be exceptional, nor does his manner with patients. Yet everyone seems to agree on one point: in some respects, he is unbeatable on price. “Word spreads quickly,” Dr Wolf explains. “Money doesn’t go as far as it used to. Particularly when it comes to dental prosthetics, bridges and crowns, costs can quickly run into several thousand euros – and people are often happy to choose the cheapest option without asking too many questions.” In Frankfurt dental circles, rumours suggest that something is not quite right with this colleague. Although Wolf himself does not like to rely on gossip, he wants to know for sure. For years, it has been common practice to have dental prosthetics manufactured abroad, since a simple crown that costs at least 200 euros in Germany can be 70 to 80 per cent cheaper in Eastern Europe or even the Far East. However, this must be explicitly requested by the patient, the production process must be transparent, and the savings must directly benefit the patient. The dilemma is obvious: German-made dental prosthetics are indisputably world-leading in terms of quality and durability, which is why many patients harbour reservations about foreign products. At the same time, this quality is naturally reflected in the price. As our private investigators from Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt soon discover, the suspicious colleague appears to exploit precisely this gap. Blessed with a natural dentist allergy, one of our private investigators from Frankfurt nevertheless sees a good opportunity to gather the background information required by our client and makes a long-overdue dental appointment.

 

This initially proves to be anything but easy, as Dr Teichmann’s waiting list is, as expected, long. However, our Frankfurt investigator succeeds in conveying a sense of urgency (naturally blamed on toothache), and a timely appointment is indeed arranged – not entirely to the detective’s delight. “I would have preferred to take on a gang of fifteen thugs, but you do what you must for the client,” he later remarks with a grin. A crown is indeed urgently required, but what the dentist does not realise is that this is not the real purpose of the visit. The initial impression confirms what had already been suspected. The dentist, while not unskilled, is certainly not outstanding, and his manner with patients is hardly his greatest strength; he appears unsympathetic and rushed. When it comes to the crucial point, the suspicion fully crystallises. Our Frankfurt detective suggests that he will probably have to bite the bullet, but given the estimated cost, he can only afford very little and asks whether something could be done as cheaply as possible. Under certain circumstances, a discount of 30, perhaps even 40 per cent might be possible, the target person replies, though he would have to check. Our investigator seizes the opportunity and explicitly asks whether it would be possible to use dental prosthetics from abroad. This is immediately dismissed. No, they do not do that at all; they only want the best quality for their patients and work exclusively with a dental laboratory based in Germany. When asked which laboratory that is and where it is located, the dentist becomes somewhat evasive, but then produces a small brochure, which he hands to the private investigator from Frankfurt. Everything can be found there: only the finest, impeccably crafted products from Germany. The investigator from Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt thanks him politely and takes his leave, saying he will think the matter over carefully.

Dental treatment; Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Private Investigator Frankfurt am Main, Detective Agency in Frankfurt, Detective Office in Frankfurt

That is precisely what our private investigators in Frankfurt then do – though not in the way the dentist might expect. Using the brochure, one thing quickly becomes clear. The dental laboratory described does indeed exist in Germany, and its impeccable website confirms this. However, the investigators from Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt soon grow suspicious. The laboratory is supposedly located in Ludwigsdorf, a small village belonging to Görlitz, just over an hour’s drive from Dresden. The client is immediately informed of this finding and sees his suspicion confirmed. A discount of 30 to 40 per cent would be impossible with German production; anything over 20 per cent would be dubious. Görlitz is, as is well known, located directly on the German-Polish border, and Dr Wolf readily agrees with the suggestion that our investigators should take a closer look at the dental laboratory.

 

The very next morning, colleagues from Kurtz Detective Agency Dresden set off for Ludwigsdorf and reach their destination in under an hour. As it turns out, it is a very charming little village with fewer than 800 inhabitants – and with almost absolute certainty not the site of a dental laboratory. The address listed on the website turns out to be an inconspicuous rental property. Nevertheless, the name of the laboratory appears on the letterbox and doorbell. No one seems to be present, so the detectives from Kurtz Detective Agency Dresden decide to keep an eye on the property for a few hours, in the hope that the mystery might resolve itself. And indeed, shortly afterwards, in the early afternoon, a rather unremarkable VW estate car pulls up and stops in front of the house. However, its Polish number plate immediately attracts the attention of the Dresden detectives. The driver gets out and enters the building, only to return to the car a few minutes later with a stack of envelopes under his arm before driving off again. The idea of questioning the driver about the listed dental laboratory is immediately abandoned. Instead, our private investigators pick up the trail and follow the vehicle. The suspicion is confirmed. The journey leads back to Dresden and then on via Leipzig to Frankfurt am Main, where the car visits various dental practices, remaining at each for around half an hour. When the fourth practice in Frankfurt turns out to be that of the target person, our detectives have seen enough. It is obvious that the seemingly low-cost dental prosthetics are indeed not being handled above board. The client of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt is informed of this on site.

Dental prosthetics; Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Corporate Detective Agency in Frankfurt am Main, Corporate Detective in Frankfurt am Main, Corporate Investigator in Frankfurt

It is now certain that the target person and at least three other dentists in Dresden, Leipzig and Frankfurt have in fact had their inlays, crowns and bridges produced cheaply in Poland, while billing health insurers and patients at the higher rates applicable to German-made dental prosthetics. The client of our Frankfurt detectives will not only soon be able to look forward to more patients, but can already take satisfaction in the knowledge that it was not envy or resentment, but the right instinct that led him to commission Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt with these investigations.

To protect the discretion and personal rights of clients and target persons, all names and locations in this case report have been altered beyond recognition.

 

Author: Gerrit Koehler

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

Image Credits

  1. SunnyView Dental Georgetown operatory_1, author SunnyView Dental:  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
  2. Pic 3, author NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
  3. Metal Ceramic Fixed Bridge Prosthesis, author Partha S. Sahana: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/     

22

Feb

2015

A case that was also very moving for us was recently brought to a happy conclusion by the detectives of Kurtz Private Detective Agency Frankfurt, reuniting a daughter with her mother. Hannelore K. had not heard from her daughter Maike (18) for more than five days. Maike had apparently left the shared flat in Frankfurt’s Ostend district deliberately and had not contacted her mother since; she also did not answer her mobile phone. All she left behind was a short note: “I’m gone, don’t worry.” She had taken a few belongings with her, and since she was of legal age and had apparently left of her own accord, the police were unable to intervene. Hannelore K. therefore decided to approach the private detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt in order to find out where Maike was staying, using the few tenuous clues available. Mrs K. was, of course, explicitly informed by our Frankfurt investigators that we would only be permitted to disclose Maike’s whereabouts if Maike were staying there involuntarily and/or if there were imminent danger and/or if Maike consented to the forwarding of this information.

Prostitution Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Copyright Rupert Ganzer; Private Detective from Frankfurt am Main, Private Detective Agency from Frankfurt Main, Private Investigator from Frankfurt

Hannelore K. feared the worst: Maike had long been associating with the drug scene around Frankfurt’s main railway station, and her mother now suspected that she might be drugged and held in some brothel. Our Frankfurt investigators promised to do everything in their power to locate Maike, fully aware that the clues were extremely sparse: only the first name of Maike’s boyfriend and the name of a bar in the station district where the two had often spent time in the past were known. The IHK-certified detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt began their investigation as usual online, searching for the bar where Maike and her boyfriend were said to be known. However, the bar had no online presence and was unknown even to the private detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, despite their excellent local knowledge. This is where contacts within the Frankfurt scene proved invaluable: yes, the bar was known, a source who wished to remain anonymous revealed; he had managed to buy drugs there several times without interference from the public order office or even the police – naturally only cannabis, as he assured our Frankfurt private investigators. In return, our investigators reassured him that we were not interested in his drug use, but rather in the whereabouts of Maike K., and he promised to lead our Frankfurt private investigators to the bar in question in exchange for a small fee.

Fortunately, the venue turned out to be little more than a counter with two tables in a side street – apparently under the almost reassuring ownership of a middle-aged woman. Had the establishment been run by well-known organised gangs whose activities extend beyond serving alcohol, even a Frankfurt detective who has seen a lot would quickly have felt uneasy, one of our private investigators later remarked with a smile. The clientele of the bar consisted mainly of shady characters who were clearly not only drunk and made no secret of their unwillingness to have anything to do with a “snout”. Here too, a big thank you is due to the good contact of Kurtz Private Detective Agency Frankfurt, as he was able to mediate – albeit, of course, only in return for appropriate compensation. After questioning several guests, one was able to recall, with the help of a photo of Maike, having seen the girl at the same place just the day before, and another recognised the boyfriend’s name and was able to give a description, confirming that he was also a frequent visitor.

 

With nothing more than these scant yet promising pieces of information, our Frankfurt detectives decided to observe the bar first, hoping that Maike or at least her boyfriend would appear soon. Their hopes were fulfilled, making the hours of uneventful waiting in the car worthwhile: the very next evening, a young man entered the bar who matched the description of the boyfriend exactly. With great sensitivity, in order not to provoke unnecessary aggression, the private investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt approached the target person, who indeed turned out to be the boyfriend. Although he appeared to be completely high, he proved, contrary to expectations, not to be a bad person at all, and yes, Maike was staying with him of her own free will but did not want to return to her mother, which was her right. It took considerable persuasion by our investigators to convince Maike’s boyfriend to at least allow us to speak to Maike, but in the end he did agree, making it clear that the decision would be Maike’s.

Woman and Dog Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Copyright Sascha Kohlmann; Corporate Detective Agency from Frankfurt, Corporate Detective from Frankfurt, Commercial Investigator from Frankfurt Main

The detectives of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt were taken to the flat, or rather the accommodation, where Maike was staying. Fortunately, the girl appeared to be in good health, although she was clearly under the influence of drugs, but at least still seemingly reasonably lucid. The room smelled strongly of marijuana; fortunately, there were no signs of the use of harder drugs.

 

Maike was surprised to learn that her mother had apparently moved heaven and earth to find her, as she had assumed that she was more or less indifferent to her. In a long conversation, our Frankfurt detectives were able to convince Maike that this was by no means the case and that she was sorely missed at home. As had already emerged in discussions with the client, repeated arguments and disputes had arisen between mother and daughter, making living together increasingly difficult. Fortunately, Maike was nevertheless persuaded to at least seek a conversation with her mother on neutral ground, with the investigators of Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt promising to mediate. However, she was adamant that she would not come along directly, so despite her comparatively stable condition, our detectives were unable, with heavy hearts, to bring Maike back to her mother straight away. The mother was, however, informed immediately and briefed on the situation, including the fact that, according to Maike, the only way to win her back would be a meeting involving a thorough and honest discussion.

Yummy Drug Consumption Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt, Copyright Wiros; Detective for Frankfurt, Detective Agency for Frankfurt, Detective Office Frankfurt am Main

Even we, as hardened detectives from Frankfurt, are deeply moved and delighted that the discussion not only took place through our mediation, but was also very successful: Maike has since moved back in with her mother, although the two certainly had a great deal to resolve and discuss that even we cannot help with, particularly Maike’s drug use. We at Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt are therefore all very pleased that the case had such a positive outcome and wish Hannelore K. and her daughter Maike all the very best from the bottom of our hearts.

To safeguard discretion and the personal rights of clients and target persons, all names and locations in this case report have been altered beyond recognition.

 

Author: Gerrit Koehler

 

Kurtz Detective Agency Frankfurt

c/o AT Büro Center

Mainzer Landstraße 341

60326 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Tel.: +49 69 1201 8431

E-Mail: kontakt@kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de

Web: https://www.kurtz-detektei-frankfurt.de/en

Google: https://g.page/kurtz-detektei-frankfurt

10

Nov

2014